Njengethuluzi elivamile lokucubungula imicu yangaphakathi, amathephu angahlukaniswa abe amathephu e-spiral groove, amathephu okuthambekela komphetho, amathephu e-straight groove kanye namathephu entambo yepayipi ngokwezimo zawo, futhi angahlukaniswa abe amathephu esandla kanye namathephu omshini ngokwendawo yokusetshenziswa. Ahlukaniswe abe amathephu e-metric, aseMelika, kanye nawasebukhosini. Uyawazi wonke?
01 Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Tap
(1) Ukusika amathephu
1) Ithephu yeflute eqondile: isetshenziselwa ukucubungula imigodi edlulayo kanye nemigodi eyimpumputhe, ama-chip ensimbi akhona emseleni wempompi, ikhwalithi yentambo ecutshunguliwe ayiphezulu, futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ekucubunguleni izinto ze-chip ezimfushane, njenge-grey cast iron, njll.
2) Ithephu ye-spiral groove: esetshenziselwa ukucubungula imigodi engaboni kahle enobubanzi obungaphansi noma obulingana no-3D, amafayili ensimbi akhishwa emseleni ojikelezayo, futhi ikhwalithi yobuso bentambo iphezulu.
Ithephu ye-engeli ye-helix engu-10~20° ingacubungula ukujula kwentambo okungaphansi noma okulingana no-2D;
Ithephu ye-engeli ye-helix engu-28~40° ingacubungula ukujula kwentambo okungaphansi noma okulingana ne-3D;
Ithephu ye-engeli engu-50° helix ingacubungula ukujula kwentambo okungaphansi noma okulingana no-3.5D (isimo esikhethekile sokusebenza esingu-4D).
Kwezinye izimo (izinto eziqinile, iphimbo elikhulu, njll.), ukuze kutholakale amandla angcono esiqongweni sezinyo, kusetshenziswa ipompo ye-helical flute ukuze kufakwe imigodi.
3) Ithephu yephoyinti elijikelezayo: ngokuvamile isetshenziswa kuphela ezimbobeni ezidlulayo, isilinganiso sobude nobubanzi singafinyelela ku-3D ~ 3.5D, ama-chip ensimbi akhishwa phansi, i-torque yokusika incane, futhi ikhwalithi yobuso bentambo esetshenzisiwe iphakeme, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-edge angle tap noma i-apex tap.
Uma usika, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izingxenye zokusika ziyangena, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzokwenzeka ukuqhekeka kwamazinyo.
(2) Impompi yokukhipha
Ingasetshenziswa ekucubunguleni izimbobo nezimbobo ezingaboni, futhi isimo sezinyo sakhiwa ukuguqulwa kwepulasitiki kwezinto, okungasetshenziswa kuphela ekucubunguleni izinto zepulasitiki.
Izici zayo eziyinhloko:
1) Sebenzisa ukuguqulwa kwepulasitiki kwento yokusebenza ukuze ucubungule intambo;
2) Indawo enqamula impompi inkulu, amandla aphezulu, futhi akulula ukuyiphula;
3) Isivinini sokusika singaba phezulu kunesokusika ama-tap, futhi umkhiqizo nawo uyandiswa ngokufanele;
4) Ngenxa yenqubo yokukhipha ebandayo, izakhiwo zemishini zobuso bentambo ecutshungulwayo ziyathuthuka, ubulukhuni bobuso buphezulu, futhi amandla entambo, ukumelana nokuguguleka kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kuyathuthuka;
5) Umshini wokugaya ongenazitshiphu.
Amaphutha ayo yilawa:
1) ingasetshenziswa kuphela ukucubungula izinto zepulasitiki;
2) Izindleko zokukhiqiza ziphezulu.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zesakhiwo:
1) Amapompo okukhipha ngaphandle kwemisele kawoyela asetshenziswa kuphela ekucubunguleni imigodi engaboni;
2) Amathephu okukhipha amanzi anemifantu kawoyela afaneleka kuzo zonke izimo zokusebenza, kodwa ngokuvamile amathephu amancane awaklami imifantu kawoyela ngenxa yobunzima bokukhiqiza.
(1) Ubukhulu
1) Ubude obuphelele: Naka ezinye izimo zokusebenza ezidinga ukwelulwa okukhethekile
2) Ubude besikhala: dlula phezulu
3) I-Shank: Njengamanje, izindinganiso ezivamile ze-shank yi-DIN (371/374/376), i-ANSI, i-JIS, i-ISO, njll. Uma ukhetha, naka ubudlelwano obuhambisanayo ne-shank yokuthepha
(2) Ingxenye ehlanganisiwe
1) Ukunemba: Kukhethwa ngokwezinga elithile lentambo. Izinga le-metric thread ISO1/2/3 lilingana nezinga le-H1/2/3 elijwayelekile likazwelonke, kodwa kuyadingeka ukunaka amazinga okulawula angaphakathi omenzi.
2) Ukusika impompi: Ingxenye yokusika yempompi yakhe ingxenye yephethini ehleliwe. Ngokuvamile, uma impompi yokusika isikhathi eside, kulapho impilo yempompi iba ngcono khona.
3) Amazinyo okulungisa: Adlala indima yokusiza kanye nokulungisa, ikakhulukazi esimweni esingazinzile sohlelo lokuthinta, lapho amazinyo okulungisa eningi, ukumelana kokuthinta kukhulu.
(3) Ama-flute e-chip
1. Uhlobo lwe-Groove: Luthinta ukwakheka nokukhishwa kwe-iron filings, okuvame ukuba yimfihlo yangaphakathi yomkhiqizi ngamunye.
2. I-engeli ye-rake kanye ne-engeli yokusiza: lapho impompi ikhuliswa, impompi iba bukhali, okunganciphisa kakhulu ukumelana nokusika, kodwa amandla nokuqina kwesihloko sezinyo kuyancipha, futhi i-engeli yokusiza iyi-engeli yokusiza.
3. Inani lemigoqo: inani lemigoqo liyakhula kanye nenani lemiphetho yokusika liyakhula, okungathuthukisa ngempumelelo impilo yempompi; kodwa kuzocindezela isikhala sokususa ama-chip, okungekuhle ekususweni kwama-chip.
03 Izinto zompompi kanye nokwemboza
(1) Izinto ezisetshenziswa empompini
1) Insimbi yamathuluzi: Isetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-incisor taps ngesandla, okuyinto engavamile njengamanje.
2) Insimbi yesivinini esiphezulu engena-cobalt: Njengamanje, isetshenziswa kabanzi njengezinto zompompi, njenge-M2 (W6Mo5Cr4V2, 6542), M3, njll., futhi ikhodi yokumaka yi-HSS.
3) Insimbi yesivinini esiphezulu equkethe i-Cobalt: okwamanje isetshenziswa kabanzi njengezinto zompompi, njenge-M35, i-M42, njll., ikhodi yokumaka yi-HSS-E.
4) Insimbi yesivinini esiphezulu ye-powder metallurgy: Isetshenziswa njengento yokumpompa esebenza kahle kakhulu, ukusebenza kwayo kuthuthuke kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nalezi ezimbili ezingenhla. Izindlela zokuqamba amagama zomkhiqizi ngamunye nazo zihlukile, futhi ikhodi yokumaka yi-HSS-E-PM.
5) Izinto ze-carbide ezifakwe usimende: ngokuvamile zisebenzisa izinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu kanye namazinga amahle okuqina, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhiqiza ama-flute taps aqondile ukucubungula izinto ze-short chip, njenge-grey cast iron, i-silicon aluminium ephezulu, njll.
Amathephu ancike kakhulu ezintweni zokwakha, futhi ukukhethwa kwezinto ezinhle kungathuthukisa kakhulu imingcele yesakhiwo samathephu, okwenza afanelekele ukusebenza kahle kakhulu nezimo zokusebenza ezinzima, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo abe nokuphila kwenkonzo okuphezulu. Njengamanje, abakhiqizi abakhulu bamathephu banezimboni zabo zezinto zokwakha noma amafomula ezinto zokwakha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yezinkinga zemithombo ye-cobalt namanani, izinsimbi ezintsha zesivinini esiphezulu ezingenayo i-cobalt nazo ziye zaphuma.
(2) Ukwembozwa kwempompi
1) Ukushiswa komusi: Impompi ifakwa emhwameni wamanzi okushisa okuphezulu ukuze kwakheke ifilimu ye-oxide ebusweni, enokumuncwa okuhle ku-coolant, inganciphisa ukungqubuzana, futhi ivimbele impompi nezinto ezisikiwe. Ifaneleka ukukhanda insimbi ethambile.
2) Ukwelashwa nge-nitriding: Ubuso bempompi bufakwe i-nitriding ukuze kwakhiwe ungqimba oluqinile, olufanelekela ukugaya insimbi ephonswe, i-aluminium ephonswe kanye nezinye izinto ezigugile kakhulu ngamathuluzi.
3) Ukushisa ngomusi + Ukukhipha i-Nitriding: Hlanganisa izinzuzo zalezi ezimbili ezingenhla.
4) I-TiN: ukugqoka okuphuzi kwegolide, okunobulukhuni obuhle bokugqoka kanye nokuthamba, kanye nokunamathela okuhle kokugqoka, okufanele ukucubungula izinto eziningi.
5) I-TiCN: ungqimba oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka olumpunga olunobunzima obungaba ngu-3000HV kanye nokumelana nokushisa okungu-400°C.
6) I-TiN+TiCN: ukugqoka okuphuzi okumnyama, okunobulukhuni obuhle kakhulu bokugqoka kanye nokuthamba, okufanele ukucubungula izinto eziningi.
7) I-TiAlN: ukugqoka okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okumpunga, ubulukhuni obungu-3300HV, ukumelana nokushisa okufika ku-900°C, kungasetshenziswa ekushiseni ngesivinini esikhulu.
8) I-CrN: ukugqoka okumpunga ngesiliva, ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kokugcoba, okusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukucubungula izinsimbi ezingezona i-ferrous.
Ithonya lokumbozwa kwempompi ekusebenzeni kwempompi lisobala kakhulu, kodwa okwamanje, abakhiqizi abaningi kanye nabakhiqizi bokumbozwa bayabambisana ukuze bafunde ukumbozwa okukhethekile.
04 Izinto Ezithinta Ukuthepha
(1) Imishini yokuthepha
1) Ithuluzi lomshini: Lingahlukaniswa ngezindlela zokucubungula eziqondile neziqondile. Ngokuthinta, ukucubungula okuqondile kungcono kunokucubungula okuqondile. Lapho ukupholisa kwangaphandle kwenziwa ekucubungulweni okuqondile, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi ukupholisa kwanele yini.
2) Isibambi sethuluzi lokuthepha: Kunconywa ukusebenzisa isibambi sethuluzi lokuthepha esikhethekile ukuze uthephe. Ithuluzi lomshini liqinile futhi lizinzile, futhi isibambi sethuluzi lokuthepha esihambisanayo siyathandwa. Ngokuphambene nalokho, isibambi sethuluzi lokuthepha esiguquguqukayo esine-axial/radial compensation kufanele sisetshenziswe ngangokunokwenzeka. . Ngaphandle kwamathephu amancane (
(2) Izinto zokusebenza
1) Izinto zokwakha kanye nobunzima bento yokusebenza: ubulukhuni bento yokusebenza kufanele bufane, futhi ngokuvamile akukhuthazwa ukusebenzisa impompi ukucubungula izinto zokusebenza ezingaphezu kwe-HRC42.
2) Ukuthepha umgodi ongezansi: isakhiwo somgodi ongezansi, khetha i-drill bit efanele; ukunemba kosayizi womgodi ongezansi; ikhwalithi yodonga lomgodi ongezansi.
(3) Amapharamitha okucubungula
1) Isivinini sokujikeleza: Isisekelo sesivinini sokujikeleza esinikeziwe uhlobo lwempompi, izinto, izinto okufanele zicutshungulwe kanye nobunzima, ikhwalithi yemishini yokuthepha, njll.
Ngokuvamile kukhethwa ngokwemingcele enikezwe umenzi wempompi, isivinini kumele sincishiswe ngaphansi kwezimo ezilandelayo:
- ukuqina komshini okubi; ukuphuma kwamanzi amaningi empompini; ukupholisa okunganele;
- izinto ezingalingani noma ubulukhuni endaweni yokuthepha, njengezihlanganisi ze-solder;
- impompi iyandiswa, noma kusetshenziswa induku yokwelula;
- Ukupholisa kwangaphandle okuhlala phansi;
- Ukusebenza ngesandla, njengokubhoboza ibhentshi, ukubhoboza okuqondile, njll.;
2) Okuphakelayo: ukuthepha okuqinile, okuphakelayo = iphimbo/ukuguquka kwentambo oku-1.
Uma kwenzeka ukuthepha okuguquguqukayo kanye nokuguquguquka okwanele kokunciphisa i-shank:
Okuphakelayo = (0.95-0.98) amaphimbo/ukubuyekezwa.
05 Amathiphu okukhetha ama-tap
(1) Ukubekezelela amathephu amabanga ahlukene okunemba
Isisekelo sokukhetha: izinga lokunemba lempompi alikwazi ukukhethwa futhi linqunywe kuphela ngokwezinga lokunemba lentambo esetshenziswayo
1) Izinto zokwakha kanye nobunzima bomsebenzi ozocutshungulwa;
2) Imishini yokuthepha (njengezimo zamathuluzi omshini, izibambo zamathuluzi okubopha, amasongo okupholisa, njll.);
3) Ukunemba kanye nephutha lokukhiqiza lempompi uqobo.
Isibonelo, lapho kucutshungulwa imicu engu-6H, lapho kucutshungulwa izingxenye zensimbi, kungasetshenziswa amathephu okucacisa angu-6H; lapho kucutshungulwa insimbi empunga, ngoba ububanzi obuphakathi bamathephu buyaguga ngokushesha futhi ukunwebeka kwezimbobo zezikulufo kuncane, kungcono ukusebenzisa amathephu okucacisa angu-6HX. Thepha, impilo izoba ngcono.
Inothi ngokunemba kwama-tap aseJapane:
1) I-OSG yokusika impompi isebenzisa uhlelo lokunemba lwe-OH, oluhlukile kweleveli ye-ISO. Uhlelo lokunemba lwe-OH luphoqa ububanzi bebhendi yonke yokubekezelelana ukuthi iqale kusukela emkhawulweni ophansi kakhulu, futhi wonke ama-0.02mm asetshenziswa njengebanga lokunemba, elibizwa ngokuthi i-OH1, OH2, OH3, njll.;
2) I-OSG ye-extrusion tap isebenzisa uhlelo lokunemba lwe-RH. Uhlelo lokunemba lwe-RH luphoqa ububanzi bebhendi yonke yokubekezelelana ukuthi iqale kusukela emkhawulweni ophansi, futhi u-0.0127mm ngamunye usetshenziswa njengezinga lokunemba, elibizwa ngokuthi i-RH1, RH2, RH3, njll.
Ngakho-ke, uma usebenzisa amathephu okunemba kwe-ISO ukuze kuthathelwe indawo amathephu okunemba kwe-OH, akunakucatshangwa nje ukuthi i-6H cishe ilingana ne-OH3 noma i-OH4 grade. Kudingeka kunqunywe ngokuguqulwa, noma ngokwesimo sangempela sekhasimende.
(2) Ubukhulu bompompi
1) Ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yi-DIN, ANSI, ISO, JIS, njll.;
2) Kuvunyelwe ukukhetha ubude obufanele obuphelele, ubude be-blade kanye nosayizi we-shank ngokuya ngezidingo ezahlukene zokucubungula zamakhasimende noma izimo ezikhona;
3) Ukuphazamiseka ngesikhathi sokucubungula;
(3) Izinto eziyisisekelo ezi-6 zokukhetha ukuthepha
1) Uhlobo lwentambo yokucubungula, i-metric, i-intshi, i-American, njll.;
2) Uhlobo lomgodi ongezansi onentambo, odlula emgodini noma emgodini ongaboni;
3) Izinto zokwakha kanye nobunzima bomsebenzi ozocutshungulwa;
4) Ukujula kwentambo ephelele yento yokusebenza kanye nokujula kwembobo engezansi;
5) Ukunemba okudingekayo kwentambo yomsebenzi;
6) Izinga lomumo wempompi
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-20-2022
