Nk'igikoresho gisanzwe cyo gutunganya imigozi y'imbere, imigozi ishobora kugabanywamo imigozi izunguruka, imigozi igana ku nkengero, imigozi igororotse n'imigozi y'imiyoboro hakurikijwe imiterere yayo, kandi ishobora kugabanywamo imigozi y'intoki n'imigozi y'imashini hakurikijwe imiterere y'aho ikoreshwa. Igabanyijwemo imigozi ya metric, American, na imperial. Ese uzi byose?
01 Gushyira mu byiciro Kanda
(1) Gukata robine
1) Kanda ku ifuro rigororotse: ikoreshwa mu gutunganya imyobo n'imyobo idakingiye, hari uduce tw'icyuma mu mwobo w'amazi, ubwiza bw'umugozi utunganywa ntabwo buri hejuru, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mu gutunganya ibikoresho bigufi, nk'icyuma cy'umukara, nibindi.
2) Umuyoboro w'amazi uzunguruka: ikoreshwa mu gutunganya imyobo idasobanutse ifite uburebure buri munsi cyangwa bungana na 3D, ibyuma bisohoka mu mwobo uzunguruka, kandi ubwiza bw'ubuso bw'umugozi buri hejuru.
Inguni ya helix ya 10 ~ 20° ishobora gutunganya ubujyakuzimu bw'umugozi buri munsi cyangwa bungana na 2D;
Inguni ya helix ya 28 ~ 40° ishobora gutunganya ubujyakuzimu bw'umugozi buri munsi cyangwa bungana na 3D;
Inguni ya 50° helix ishobora gutunganya ubujyakuzimu bw'umugozi buri munsi cyangwa bungana na 3.5D (imiterere yihariye yo gukora 4D).
Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe (ibikoresho bikomeye, ubunini bunini, nibindi), kugira ngo umutwe w'amenyo urusheho gukomera, umuyoboro w'amenyo ukoreshwa mu gukata imashini inyuzamo imyobo.
3) Aho ukanda ahantu hazunguruka: ubusanzwe ikoreshwa gusa ku myobo inyuramo, uburebure n'umurambararo bishobora kugera kuri 3D ~ 3.5D, uduce tw'icyuma turarekurwa tumanuka, imbaraga zo gukata ni nto, kandi ubwiza bw'ubuso bw'umugozi wakozwe ni bwinshi, buzwi kandi nka tap yo mu mfuruka cyangwa tap yo hejuru.
Mu gihe cyo gukata, ni ngombwa kugenzura ko ibice byose byo gukata byinjijwemo, bitabaye ibyo amenyo azacika.
(2) Ifu yo gusohora amazi
Ishobora gukoreshwa mu gutunganya imyobo n'imyobo idasobanutse, kandi imiterere y'amenyo ikorwa no guhindura imiterere ya plastiki y'ibikoresho, ishobora gukoreshwa gusa mu gutunganya ibikoresho bya pulasitiki.
Ibiranga by'ingenzi byayo:
1) Koresha uburyo bwa pulasitiki bwo gutunganya umugozi;
2) Agace k'amazi anyuramo ni kanini, imbaraga ni nyinshi, kandi ntabwo byoroshye kuyamena;
3) Umuvuduko wo gukata ushobora kuba munini kuruta uwo gukata robine, kandi umusaruro nawo ukongera uko bikwiye;
4) Bitewe n'uburyo bwo gusohora ubukonje, imiterere y'ubuso bw'umugozi utunganywa irarushaho kuba myiza, ubukana bw'ubuso buri hejuru, kandi imbaraga z'umugozi, ubudasaza n'ubudasa birarushaho kwiyongera;
5) Imashini zikoresha ibyuma bidakoresha icyuma.
Intege nke zayo ni izi:
1) ishobora gukoreshwa gusa mu gutunganya ibikoresho bya pulasitiki;
2) Igiciro cyo gukora kiri hejuru.
Hari imiterere ibiri y'imiterere:
1) Amarobine yo gusohora amazi adafite imiyoboro y'amavuta akoreshwa gusa mu gutunganya imyobo idafite aho ibohera;
2) Amarobine yo gusohora amavuta afite imiyoboro y'amavuta akwiriye imikorere yose, ariko ubusanzwe amarobine mato mato ntabwo akora imiyoboro y'amavuta bitewe n'ingorane zo kuyakora.
(1) Ingano
1) Uburebure rusange: Witondere imiterere imwe n'imwe y'akazi isaba kongerwamo igihe cyihariye
2) Uburebure bw'umwanya: komeza unyure hejuru
3) Shank: Muri iki gihe, amahame asanzwe ya shank ni DIN (371/374/376), ANSI, JIS, ISO, nibindi. Mu guhitamo, witondere isano ifitanye n'shank yo gukanda
(2) Igice gifite insinga
1) Ubuziranenge: Itoranywa hakurikijwe igipimo ngenderwaho cy’umugozi. Igipimo ngenderwaho cy’umugozi ISO1/2/3 kingana n’igipimo ngenderwaho cya H1/2/3 cy’igihugu, ariko ni ngombwa kwita ku bipimo ngenderwaho by’igenzura ry’imbere ry’uruganda.
2) Gukata robine: Igice cyo gukata robine cyagize igice cy’imiterere idahinduka. Muri rusange, uko robine iba ndende, niko iramba kurushaho.
3) Amano yo gukosora: Agira uruhare mu gufasha no gukosora, cyane cyane iyo sisitemu yo gukosora idakora neza, uko amenyo yo gukosora ari menshi, niko imbaraga zo gukosora zirushaho kwiyongera.
(3) Ifiriti za Chip
1. Ubwoko bw'imiyoboro: Igira ingaruka ku ikorwa n'isohoka ry'udupfundikizo tw'icyuma, ubusanzwe ni ibanga ry'imbere rya buri mukozi.
2. Inguni yo gukaraba n'inguni yo gukaraba: iyo umuyoboro wiyongereye, umuyoboro uba utyaye, bishobora kugabanya cyane ubushobozi bwo gukata, ariko imbaraga n'ubudahangarwa bw'inkombe y'amenyo biragabanuka, kandi inguni yo gukaraba ni yo nguni yo gukaraba.
3. Umubare w'imirongo: umubare w'imirongo wiyongera n'umubare w'inkombe zo gucamo wiyongera, bishobora gutuma robine ikora neza; ariko bizagabanya umwanya wo gukuraho imirongo, ibyo bikaba atari byiza mu gukuraho imirongo.
03 Ibikoresho byo gupfuka no gusiga
(1) Ibikoresho byo kuri robine
1) Icyuma cy'icyuma: Gikoreshwa cyane mu guteka amarobe y'intoki, ibi bikaba bitakunze kugaragara muri iki gihe.
2) Icyuma cyihuta kitagira Cobalt: Muri iki gihe, gikoreshwa cyane nk'ibikoresho byo kuroba, nka M2 (W6Mo5Cr4V2, 6542), M3, nibindi, kandi kode yo kumenyekanisha ni HSS.
3) Icyuma cyihuta kirimo Cobalt: ubu gikoreshwa cyane nk'ibikoresho byo kuroba, nka M35, M42, nibindi, kode yo kumenyekanisha ni HSS-E.
4) Ibyuma byihuta mu byuma bikoresha ifu: Bikoreshwa nk'ibikoresho byo mu mazi bikoresha ikoranabuhanga rihanitse, imikorere yabyo irarushaho kuba myiza ugereranije n'ibiri byavuzwe haruguru. Uburyo bwo kwita amazina bwa buri mukora nabwo buratandukanye, kandi kode yo gushyira ikimenyetso ni HSS-E-PM.
5) Ibikoresho bya karubide ikoze muri sima: ubusanzwe bikoresha uduce duto cyane n'ubukomezi bwiza, bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora amatafari y'urufaya agororotse mu gutunganya ibikoresho bigufi, nk'icyuma cy'umukara, aluminiyumu ya silikoni nyinshi, nibindi.
Amarobine ashingiye cyane ku bikoresho, kandi guhitamo ibikoresho byiza bishobora kunoza imiterere y’amarobine, bigatuma aba akwiriye imikorere myiza kandi igoye, kandi icyarimwe akagira ubuzima bwiza. Muri iki gihe, inganda nini zikora amarobine zifite inganda zazo cyangwa formula z’ibikoresho. Muri icyo gihe, bitewe n’ibibazo by’umutungo wa kobalti n’ibiciro, ibyuma bishya bitagira kobalti kandi bikoresha imbaraga nyinshi nabyo byasohotse.
(2) Gutwikira robine
1) Okiside y'umwuka: Irobe rishyirwa mu mwuka w'amazi ushyushye cyane kugira ngo rikore agace ka okiside hejuru, gafite ubushobozi bwo kwinjira neza mu gikoresho gikonjesha, gashobora kugabanya gukururana, kandi kakarinda ko irobe n'ibikoresho bicibwa. Bikwiriye gukoreshwa mu gutunganya icyuma cyoroshye.
2) Gutunganya nitride: Ubuso bw'ivomero bukozwemo nitride kugira ngo bukore urwego rworoshye, rukwiriye gukoreshwa mu gutunganya ibyuma, aluminiyumu n'ibindi bikoresho bikenera ibikoresho byinshi.
3) Guteka umwuka n'amazi: Huza ibyiza by'ibi bibiri byavuzwe haruguru.
4) TiN: irangi ry'umuhondo w'umuhondo w'umuhondo, rifite ubukana bwiza bwo gusiga no gusiga neza, kandi rifata neza irangi, rikwiriye gutunganywa mu bikoresho byinshi.
5) TiCN: irangi ry'ubururu-imvi rifite ubukana bwa 3000HV n'ubushyuhe budashobora kugwa kuri 400°C.
6) TiN+TiCN: irangi ry'umuhondo wijimye, rifite ubukana bwiza bwo gusiga n'amavuta, rikwiriye gutunganywa mu bikoresho byinshi.
7) TiAlN: irangi ry'ubururu-imvi, ubukana bwa 3300HV, ubushyuhe budashobora kugera kuri 900°C, rishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora imashini yihuta cyane.
8) CrN: gusiga amavuta y'ifeza-imvi, imikorere myiza yo gusiga, ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutunganya ibyuma bitarimo feri.
Ingaruka z'ipfundikizo ry'ipfundikizo ku mikorere y'ipfundikizo ziragaragara cyane, ariko muri iki gihe, abakora ifundikizo benshi n'abakora ifundikizo bafashanya kwiga ipfundikizo ryihariye.
Ibintu 04 bigira ingaruka ku gukanda
(1) Ibikoresho byo gukomanga
1) Igikoresho cy'imashini: Gishobora kugabanywamo uburyo bwo gutunganya buhagaze n'ubutambitse. Ku bijyanye no gukanda, gutunganya buhagaze ni byiza kuruta gutunganya buhagaze. Iyo gukonjesha hanze bikozwe mu gutunganya buhagaze, ni ngombwa gusuzuma niba gukonjesha bihagije.
2) Agakoresho ko gukomanga: Ni byiza gukoresha agakoresho kabigenewe ko gukomanga. Igikoresho cy'imashini ni gikomeye kandi gihamye, kandi agakoresho ko gukomanga gahuza ni ko gakunda. Ahubwo, agakoresho ko gukomanga gashobora gukoreshwa gafite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi/umurambararo. Uretse utudomo duto (
(2) Ibikoresho by'akazi
1) Ibikoresho n'ubukana bw'igikoresho: ubukana bw'igikoresho kigomba kuba kimwe, kandi muri rusange ntibyemewe gukoresha robine mu gutunganya ibikoresho birengeje HRC42.
2) Gukanda umwobo wo hasi: imiterere y'umwobo wo hasi, hitamo agace gakwiye ko gucukura; ingano y'umwobo wo hasi ihuye neza; ubwiza bw'urukuta rw'umwobo wo hasi.
(3) Ibipimo byo gutunganya
1) Umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka: Ishingiro ry'umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka ni ubwoko bw'umuyoboro, ibikoresho, ibikoresho bigomba gutunganywa n'ubukomere, ubwiza bw'ibikoresho byo kuzenguruka, n'ibindi.
Ubusanzwe umuvuduko utoranywa hakurikijwe ibipimo byatanzwe n'uruganda rukora robine, ugomba kugabanuka hakurikijwe ibi bikurikira:
- ubukonje buke bw'imashini; amazi menshi asohoka mu robine; ubukonje budahagije;
- ibikoresho bitangana cyangwa ubukana mu gace ko gukomanga, nk'aho ibintu bihurira;
- robine irarerure, cyangwa hagakoreshwa inkoni yo kongeramo;
- Gukonjesha hanze, bitera ubwiherero;
- Gukora n'intoki, nko gucukura icyuma gikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya radial, gucukura icyuma gikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya radial, n'ibindi;
2) Gushyiramo: gukanda cyane, gushyiramo = umuvuduko umwe w'umugozi/umuzunguruko.
Mu gihe cyo gukanda ahantu hakonje kandi hagakoreshwa uburyo buhagije bwo kwishyura shank:
Ifunguro = (0.95-0.98) imivuduko/ivugururwa.
Inama 5 zo guhitamo amatapi
(1) Kwihanganira amarobo y'ubuziranenge butandukanye
Ishingiro ry'ihitamo: urwego rw'ubuziranenge bw'aho ukoresha umugozi rushobora gutoranywa no kugenwa gusa hakurikijwe urwego rw'ubuziranenge bw'umugozi urimo gukorwaho imashini
1) Ibikoresho n'ubukana bw'igikoresho kigomba gutunganywa;
2) Ibikoresho byo gukomanga (nk'ibikoresho by'imashini, ibikoresho byo gukomanga, impeta zo gukonjesha, nibindi);
3) Ubuziranenge n'ikosa ryo mu gukora robine ubwayo.
Urugero, mu gihe cyo gutunganya imigozi ya 6H, mu gihe cyo gutunganya ibice by'icyuma, imigozi ya 6H irashobora gukoreshwa; mu gihe cyo gutunganya icyuma cy'umukara, kubera ko umurambararo wo hagati w'imigozi ushira vuba kandi umwobo w'imigozi ukaba muto, ni byiza gukoresha imigozi ya 6HX igezweho. Gukata, ubuzima buzaba bwiza kurushaho.
Incamake ku bijyanye n'ubuziranenge bw'ama-couples yo mu Buyapani:
1) OSG yo gukata ikoresha sisitemu yo gutunganya OH, itandukanye n'ibipimo bya ISO. Sisitemu yo gutunganya OH ihatira ubugari bw'umurongo wose wo kwihanganira guhagarara guhera ku rugero rwo hasi, kandi buri 0.02mm ikoreshwa nk'urwego rwo gutunganya, rwitwa OH1, OH2, OH3, n'ibindi;
2) OSG yo gushyiramo amazi ikoresha sisitemu yo gutunganya neza ya RH. Sisitemu yo gutunganya neza ya RH ihatira ubugari bw'umurongo wose wo kwihanganira gukwirakwira guhera ku mupaka wo hasi, kandi buri 0.0127mm ikoreshwa nk'urwego rwo gutunganya neza, rwitwa RH1, RH2, RH3, nibindi.
Bityo rero, iyo ukoresha tapi za ISO zigaragaza ubuziranenge kugira ngo usimbuze tapi za OH zigaragaza ubuziranenge, ntabwo byafatwa gusa ko 6H ingana na OH3 cyangwa OH4. Igomba kugenwa hakoreshejwe ihinduranya, cyangwa hakurikijwe imiterere nyayo y'umukiriya.
(2) Ingano z'aho amazi anyura
1) Ikoreshwa cyane ni DIN, ANSI, ISO, JIS, n'izindi;
2) Yemerewe guhitamo uburebure rusange, uburebure bw'icyuma n'ingano y'icyuma hakurikijwe ibisabwa bitandukanye byo gutunganya ibicuruzwa by'abakiriya cyangwa imiterere isanzweho;
3) Kwivanga mu gihe cyo gutunganya;
(3) Ibintu 6 by'ibanze byo guhitamo ibyo ukoresha mu gukanda
1) Ubwoko bw'umugozi wo gutunganya, metric, santimetero, Amerika, n'ibindi;
2) Ubwoko bw'umwobo wo hasi ufite imigozi, unyuze mu mwobo cyangwa umwobo udafite aho ubohera;
3) Ibikoresho n'ubukana bw'igikoresho kigomba gutunganywa;
4) Ubujyakuzimu bw'umugozi wose w'igikoresho n'ubujyakuzimu bw'umwobo wo hasi;
5) Ubuziranenge bukenewe bw'umugozi w'akazi;
6) Imiterere y'agakoresho ko gupfunyikamo amazi
Igihe cyo kohereza: 20 Nyakanga-2022
