Hei taputapu noa mō te tukatuka i ngā miro o roto, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā taputapu ki ngā taputapu riu porowhita, ngā taputapu piko taha, ngā taputapu riu tika me ngā taputapu miro paipa i runga i ō rātou āhua, ā, ka taea hoki te wehewehe ki ngā taputapu ringaringa me ngā taputapu mīhini i runga i te taiao whakamahinga. Ka wehea ki ngā taputapu ine, Amerika, me te taputapu imperia. E mōhio ana koe ki a rātou katoa?
01 Whakarōpūtanga tap
(1) Ngā taputapu tapahi
1) Tāoro putorino tika: e whakamahia ana mō te tukatuka i ngā kōhao mā roto me ngā kōhao matapo, kei roto i te awaawa o te taputapu he maramara rino, kāore i te teitei te kounga o te miro tukatuka, ā, he nui ake te whakamahinga mō te tukatuka i ngā rauemi maramara poto, pērā i te rino maka hina, me ētahi atu.
2) Taputapu awaawa porowhita: e whakamahia ana mō te tukatuka poka matapo me te hohonu o te poka i raro iho i te 3D, i rite rānei ki te 3D, ka tukuna ngā kongakonga rino i te awaawa porowhita, ā, he teitei te kounga o te mata miro.
Ka taea e te tap koki porowhita 10 ~ 20° te tukatuka i te hohonutanga o te miro iti iho i te 2D, rite rānei;
Ka taea e te taputapu koki porowhita 28 ~ 40° te tukatuka i te hohonutanga o te miro iti iho i te 3D, rite rānei;
Ka taea e te taputapu koki porowhita 50° te tukatuka i te hohonutanga o te miro i raro iho i te 3.5D, i te ōrite rānei (tikanga mahi motuhake 4D).
I ētahi wā (ngā rauemi mārō, te papa nui, me ētahi atu), kia pai ake ai te kaha o te matamata niho, ka whakamahia he taputapu putorino porowhita hei mīhini mā roto i ngā kōhao.
3) Taputapu pūwāhi porowhita: e whakamahia ana mō ngā kōhao mā roto anake, ka taea e te ōwehenga roa-whānui te eke ki te 3D ~ 3.5D, ka tukuna ngā maramara rino ki raro, he iti te taipana tapahi, ā, he teitei te kounga o te mata o te miro mīhini, e mōhiotia ana ko te tap koki taha, te tap tihi rānei.
I te wā e tapahi ana, me whakarite kia werohia ngā wāhanga tapahi katoa, ki te kore ka pakaru ngā niho.
(2) Taputapu whakaputa
Ka taea te whakamahi mō te tukatuka i ngā kōhao mā roto me ngā kōhao matapo, ā, ko te āhua o te niho ka hangaia mā te whakarerekētanga kirihou o te rauemi, ka taea anake te whakamahi mō te tukatuka i ngā rauemi kirihou.
Ngā āhuatanga matua:
1) Whakamahia te whakarerekētanga kirihou o te mea mahi hei tukatuka i te miro;
2) He nui te horahanga whakawhiti-wāhanga o te tap, he kaha teitei, ā, kāore e ngāwari ki te whati;
3) Ka taea e te tere tapahi te teitei ake i te tere tapahi o ngā taputapu tapahi, ā, ka piki ake hoki te hua;
4) Nā te tukanga whakaputanga makariri, ka pai ake ngā āhuatanga hangarau o te mata miro tukatuka, ka teitei te taratara o te mata, ā, ka pai ake te kaha o te miro, te ātete kakahu me te ātete waikura;
5) Te miihini kore maramara.
Ko ōna ngoikoretanga ko:
1) ka taea anake te whakamahi hei tukatuka i ngā rauemi kirihou;
2) He nui te utu hanga.
E rua ngā āhua hanganga:
1) Ko ngā taputapu whakaputanga kāore he awaawa hinu ka whakamahia anake mō te miihini poutū o ngā kōhao matapo;
2) He pai ngā taputapu whakaputa hinu me ngā awaawa hinu mō ngā āhuatanga mahi katoa, engari ko ngā taputapu iti te diameter kāore e hoahoa i ngā awaawa hinu nā te uauatanga o te hanga.
(1) Ngā Ahu
1) Te roanga whānui: Kia aro ki ētahi āhuatanga mahi e hiahia ana kia whakaroahia motuhaketia
2) Te roa o te mokamoka: whakarērea
3) Kakau: I tēnei wā, ko ngā paerewa kakau noa ko te DIN (371/374/376), ANSI, JIS, ISO, me ētahi atu. I te wā e whiriwhiri ana, kia aro ki te whanaungatanga ōrite ki te kakau pato.
(2) Wāhanga miro
1) Te Tika: Ka tīpakohia e te paerewa miro motuhake. Ko te taumata miro ine ISO1/2/3 he ōrite ki te paerewa ā-motu taumata H1/2/3, engari me aro ki ngā paerewa mana whakahaere ā-roto a te kaihanga.
2) Taputapu tapahi: Kua hanga te wāhanga tapahi o te taputapu hei wāhanga o te tauira pumau. I te nuinga o te wā, ka roa ake te taputapu tapahi, ka pai ake te ora o te taputapu.
3) Niho whakatikatika: He āwhina, he whakatikatika hoki tāna mahi, inā koa i roto i te āhua kore pumau o te pūnaha pato, ka nui ake ngā niho whakatikatika, ka nui ake te ātete pato.
(3) Ngā putorino maramara
1. Momo awaawa: Ka pā ki te hanganga me te tukunga o ngā kongakonga rino, he mea huna tēnei nō ia kaihanga.
2. Koki rake me te koki whakawātea: ina whakanuia te pato, ka koi te pato, ka taea te whakaiti i te ātete tapahi, engari ka heke te kaha me te pumau o te pito niho, ā, ko te koki whakawātea te koki whakawātea.
3. Te maha o ngā awaawa: ka piki ake te maha o ngā awaawa, ka piki ake hoki te maha o ngā taha tapahi, ka taea ai te whakapai ake i te roa o te wā o te taputapu; engari ka whakawhāitihia te wāhi tango maramara, kāore e pai mō te tango maramara.
03 Rauemi me te paninga o te taputapu
(1) Te rauemi o te pūwero
1) Maitai taputapu: Ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia mō ngā taputapu kutikuti ā-ringa, he mea kāore i te noa i tēnei wā.
2) Rino tere-teitei kore-kobalt: I tēnei wā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei rauemi tap, pērā i te M2 (W6Mo5Cr4V2, 6542), M3, me ētahi atu, ā, ko te waehere tohu ko HSS.
3) Te maitai tere-teitei kei roto ko te kopara: e whakamahia whānuitia ana i tēnei wā hei rauemi tā, pērā i te M35, te M42, me ētahi atu, ko te waehere tohu ko HSS-E.
4) Te maitai tere-teitei o te paura whakarewa: Hei rauemi taputapu mahi-teitei, he tino pai ake te mahi ki te whakataurite ki ngā mea e rua o runga ake nei. He rerekē anō hoki ngā tikanga whakaingoa o ia kaihanga, ā, ko te waehere tohu ko HSS-E-PM.
5) Ngā rauemi carbide sima: he maha ngā matūriki tino pai me ngā tohu pakari pai e whakamahia ana, e whakamahia ana hei hanga i ngā tap putorino tika hei tukatuka i ngā rauemi maramara poto, pērā i te rino maka hina, te konumohe silicon teitei, me ētahi atu.
He nui te whakawhirinaki o ngā taputapu ki ngā rauemi, ā, mā te whiriwhiri i ngā rauemi pai ka taea te whakapai ake i ngā tawhā hanganga o ngā taputapu, kia pai ai mō ngā āhuatanga mahi tino pai me ngā āhuatanga mahi uaua ake, ā, i te wa ano ka roa ake te ora ratonga. I tēnei wā, kei ngā kaihanga taputapu nui ā rātou ake wheketere rauemi, ā rātou ake tātai rauemi rānei. I taua wa ano, nā ngā raruraru o ngā rauemi cobalt me ngā utu, kua puta mai hoki ngā maitai tere-teitei hou kāore he cobalt.
(2) Te paninga o te pūwero
1) Te whakapūngao mamaoa: Ka whakanohoia te pūngao ki roto i te mamaoa wai pāmahana teitei hei hanga i tētahi kiriata waikura ki te mata, he pai te mimiti ki te wai whakamatao, ka taea te whakaiti i te waku, ā, ka ārai i te pūngao me te rauemi hei tapahi. He pai mō te miihini i te maitai ngawari.
2) Maimoatanga whakanitride: Ka whakanitridehia te mata o te taputapu hei hanga i tētahi paparanga mārō, he mea e tika ana mō te miihini i te rino maka, te konumohe maka me ētahi atu rauemi he nui te pakaru o ngā taputapu.
3) Te Kohu + Te Whakahāngaitanga: Whakakotahitia ngā painga o ngā mea e rua i runga ake nei.
4) TiN: he paninga kōwhai koura, he pai te pakeke me te hinu o te paninga, he pai hoki te piri o te paninga, he pai mō te tukatuka i te nuinga o ngā rauemi.
5) TiCN: he paninga kikorangi-hina, he pakeke tata ki te 3000HV, ā, he ātete wera hoki 400°C.
6) TiN+TiCN: he paninga kōwhai pouri, he tino pakari te paninga me te whakahinuhinu, he pai mō te tukatuka i te nuinga o ngā rauemi.
7) TiAlN: he paninga kikorangi-hina, he pakeke 3300HV, he ātete wera tae atu ki te 900°C, ka taea te whakamahi mō te miihini tere-teitei.
8) CrN: paninga hiriwa-hina, mahi whakahinuhinu pai rawa atu, e whakamahia ana mō te tukatuka i ngā konganuku kore-ferrous.
He tino kitea te awe o te paninga o te tap ki te mahi a te tap, engari i tēnei wā, he maha ngā kaihanga me ngā kaihanga paninga e mahi tahi ana ki te ako i ngā paninga motuhake.
04 Ngā Huānga e Pā Ana ki te Tāpā
(1) Ngā taputapu tāoro
1) Mīhini taputapu: Ka taea te wehewehe ki ngā tikanga tukatuka poutū me ngā tikanga tukatuka whakapae. Mō te pato, he pai ake te tukatuka poutū i te tukatuka whakapae. Ina mahia te whakamatao o waho i roto i te tukatuka whakapae, me whakaaro mēnā he rawaka te whakamatao.
2) Pūmau taputapu pato: E taunakihia ana kia whakamahia he pūmau taputapu pato motuhake mō te pato. He pakari, he pumau hoki te taputapu mīhini, ā, he pai ake te pūmau taputapu pato tukutahi. Engari, me whakamahi te pūmau taputapu pato ngāwari me te utu ā-tuaka/ā-ira i ngā wā katoa e taea ana. . Haunga ngā taputapu iti te diameter (
(2) Ngā Mea Mahi
1) Te rauemi me te pakeke o te rauemi mahi: me ōrite te pakeke o te rauemi mahi, ā, kāore i te tūtohutia kia whakamahia he taputapu tap hei tukatuka i ngā mahi e neke atu ana i te HRC42.
2) Te pato i te poka o raro: te hanganga o te poka o raro, tīpakohia te mata keri e tika ana; te tika o te rahi o te poka o raro; te kounga o te pakitara o te poka o raro.
(3) Ngā tawhā tukatuka
1) Tere hurihuri: Ko te pūtake o te tere hurihuri kua hoatu ko te momo taputapu, te rauemi, te rauemi hei tukatuka me te pakeke, te kounga o ngā taputapu pato, me ētahi atu.
I te nuinga o te wā ka tīpakohia kia rite ki ngā tawhā i homai e te kaihanga o te tap, me whakaiti te tere i raro i ngā tikanga e whai ake nei:
- te pakari o te mīhini; te nui o te rerenga o te puna; te kore e ranea te whakamatao;
- he rauemi kāore i te ōrite, he pakeke rānei i te wāhi patopato, pērā i ngā hononga honohono;
- ka whakaroahia te pūwero, ka whakamahia rānei he tokotoko toronga;
- He moenga takoto, he whakamatao hoki i waho;
- Te mahi ā-ringa, pērā i te wiri pae, te wiri radial, me ētahi atu;
2) Whāngai: pato mārō, whāngai = 1 te nekehanga miro/hurihanga.
Mēnā he pato ngāwari, ā, he rawaka ngā taurangi utu kakau:
Whāngai = (0.95-0.98) pikinga/huringa.
05 Ngā Tohutohu mō te Kōwhiringa o ngā Taputapu
(1) Te manawanui ki ngā taputapu o ngā taumata tino tika rerekē
Pūtake kōwhiringa: kāore e taea te tīpako me te whakatau i te taumata tika o te tap i runga anō i te taumata tika o te miro e mīhinihia ana.
1) Te rauemi me te pakeke o te mea mahi hei tukatuka;
2) Ngā taputapu pato (pērā i ngā āhuatanga o ngā taputapu mīhini, ngā pupuri taputapu whakapiri, ngā mowhiti whakamatao, me ētahi atu);
3) Te tika me te hapa hanga o te taputapu tonu.
Hei tauira, ina tukatukahia ngā miro 6H, ina tukatukahia ngā wāhanga maitai, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā taputapu tika 6H; ina tukatukahia te rino maka hina, nā te mea ka tere te pakaru o te diameter waenga o ngā taputapu, ā, he iti te whānui o ngā kōhao tīwiri, he pai ake te whakamahi i ngā taputapu tika 6HX. Mā te taputapu, ka pai ake te oranga.
He kōrero mō te tika o ngā taputapu Hapanihi:
1) Ka whakamahia e te taputapu tapahi OSG te pūnaha tika OH, he rerekē tēnei i te paerewa ISO. Ka akiakihia e te pūnaha tika OH te whānui o te roopu manawanui katoa kia tīmata mai i te rohe iti rawa, ā, ko ia 0.02mm ka whakamahia hei tohu tika, ko OH1, OH2, OH3, me ētahi atu.;
2) Ka whakamahia e te taputapu whakaputa OSG te pūnaha tika RH. Ka akiakihia e te pūnaha tika RH te whānui o te awhi manawanui katoa kia tīmata mai i te rohe o raro, ā, ka whakamahia ia 0.0127mm hei taumata tika, ko RH1, RH2, RH3, me ētahi atu.
Nō reira, ina whakamahia ngā taputapu tika ISO hei whakakapi i ngā taputapu tika OH, kāore e taea te whakaaro noa he rite te 6H ki te taumata OH3, OH4 rānei. Me whakatau mā te hurihanga, i runga rānei i te āhuatanga tūturu o te kiritaki.
(2) Ngā rahinga o te pūwero
1) Ko ngā mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te DIN, ANSI, ISO, JIS, me ētahi atu;
2) Ka taea te whiriwhiri i te roa whānui e tika ana, te roa o te mata me te rahi o te kakau kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga tukatuka rerekē a ngā kiritaki, ki ngā āhuatanga rānei o nāianei;
3) Te pokanoa i te wā e tukatuka ana;
(3) 6 ngā āhuatanga taketake mō te whiriwhiri i te tap
1) Te momo miro tukatuka, ine, inihi, Amerika, me ētahi atu;
2) Te momo kōhao raro miro, kōhao mā roto, kōhao matapo rānei;
3) Te rauemi me te pakeke o te mea mahi hei tukatuka;
4) Te hohonutanga o te miro katoa o te mea mahi me te hohonutanga o te kōhao o raro;
5) Te tika e hiahiatia ana o te miro o te mea mahi;
6) Te paerewa āhua o te tap
Te wā tuku: Hurae-20-2022
