A matsayin kayan aiki na gama gari don sarrafa zare na ciki, ana iya raba famfunan zuwa famfunan karkace, famfunan karkace na gefen, famfunan karkace madaidaiciya da famfunan zare na bututu bisa ga sifofinsu, kuma ana iya raba su zuwa famfunan hannu da famfunan injina bisa ga yanayin amfani. An raba su zuwa famfunan aunawa, na Amurka, da na imperial. Shin kun saba da su duka?
01 Rarraba Taɓawa
(1) Yankan famfo
1) Bututun sarewa madaidaiciya: ana amfani da shi don sarrafa ramuka ta cikin ramuka da ramukan makafi, guntun ƙarfe suna wanzuwa a cikin ramin famfo, ingancin zaren da aka sarrafa ba shi da yawa, kuma ana amfani da shi sosai don sarrafa kayan guntu, kamar ƙarfe mai launin toka, da sauransu.
2) Tap ɗin ramin karkace: ana amfani da shi don sarrafa ramin makafi tare da zurfin ramin ƙasa da ko daidai yake da 3D, ana fitar da filaye na ƙarfe tare da ramin karkace, kuma ingancin saman zaren yana da yawa.
Famfo mai kusurwa 10 ~ 20° na iya sarrafa zurfin zaren ƙasa da ko daidai da 2D;
Famfo mai kusurwa 28 ~ 40° na iya sarrafa zurfin zaren ƙasa da ko daidai da 3D;
Famfon kusurwar helix mai girman digiri 50 zai iya sarrafa zurfin zaren ƙasa da ko daidai yake da 3.5D (yanayin aiki na musamman 4D).
A wasu lokuta (kayan aiki masu tauri, babban siffa, da sauransu), domin samun ingantaccen ƙarfin gefen haƙori, ana amfani da famfon sarewa mai siffar helical don yin injin ta cikin ramuka.
3) Taɓa maɓallin karkace: yawanci ana amfani da shi ne kawai don ta cikin ramuka, rabon tsayi-diamita zai iya kaiwa 3D ~ 3.5D, ana fitar da guntun ƙarfe zuwa ƙasa, ƙarfin yankewa ƙarami ne, kuma ingancin saman zaren da aka ƙera yana da yawa, wanda kuma aka sani da famfon kusurwar gefen ko famfon apex.
Lokacin yankewa, ya zama dole a tabbatar da cewa an shigar da dukkan sassan yankewa, in ba haka ba za a sami fashewar hakori.
(2) Famfon fitarwa
Ana iya amfani da shi wajen sarrafa ramuka da ramukan makafi, kuma siffar haƙori tana samuwa ne ta hanyar nakasar filastik na kayan, wanda za a iya amfani da shi kawai don sarrafa kayan filastik.
Babban fasalulluka:
1) Yi amfani da nakasar filastik na kayan aikin don sarrafa zaren;
2) Yankin da ke tsakanin famfon yana da girma, ƙarfinsa yana da yawa, kuma ba shi da sauƙin karyewa;
3) Saurin yankewa na iya zama mafi girma fiye da na yanke famfo, kuma yawan aiki yana ƙaruwa gwargwadon haka;
4) Saboda tsarin fitar da iska mai sanyi, an inganta halayen injinan saman zaren da aka sarrafa, ƙaiƙayin saman yana da yawa, kuma an inganta ƙarfin zaren, juriyar lalacewa da juriyar tsatsa;
5) Injin da ba shi da guntu.
Kurakuransa sune:
1) ana iya amfani da shi ne kawai don sarrafa kayan filastik;
2) Farashin masana'anta yana da yawa.
Akwai siffofi guda biyu na tsarin:
1) Ana amfani da famfunan fitarwa ba tare da ramukan mai ba ne kawai don yin aikin ramukan makafi a tsaye;
2) Famfon fitar da mai da ramukan mai sun dace da duk yanayin aiki, amma galibi ƙananan famfo masu diamita ba sa tsara ramukan mai saboda matsalolin masana'antu.
(1) Girma
1) Tsawon gaba ɗaya: Kula da wasu yanayin aiki waɗanda ke buƙatar tsawaitawa ta musamman
2) Tsawon ramin: wucewa sama
3) Shank: A halin yanzu, ƙa'idodin shank na gama gari sune DIN (371/374/376), ANSI, JIS, ISO, da sauransu. Lokacin zaɓa, kula da alaƙar da ta dace da shank na taɓawa
(2) Sashe mai zare
1) Daidaito: Ana zaɓe shi ta hanyar takamaiman ma'aunin zare. Matakan ma'aunin ISO1/2/3 daidai yake da matakin ƙasa na H1/2/3, amma ya zama dole a kula da ƙa'idodin sarrafawa na ciki na masana'anta.
2) Famfon Yankewa: Sashen yankan famfon ya zama wani ɓangare na tsarin da aka gyara. Gabaɗaya, tsawon famfon yankan, tsawon rayuwar famfon ya fi kyau.
3) Haƙoran gyara: Yana taka rawar taimako da gyara, musamman a yanayin rashin kwanciyar hankali na tsarin taɓawa, yawan haƙoran gyara, yawan juriyar taɓawa.
(3) Busassun sarewa
1. Nau'in rami: Yana shafar samuwar da fitar da filaye na ƙarfe, wanda yawanci sirri ne na ciki na kowane mai ƙera shi.
2. Kusurwar rake da kusurwar sassautawa: idan aka ƙara famfon, famfon zai yi kaifi, wanda zai iya rage juriyar yankewa sosai, amma ƙarfi da kwanciyar hankali na gefen haƙori yana raguwa, kuma kusurwar sassautawa ita ce kusurwar sassautawa.
3. Adadin ramuka: adadin ramukan yana ƙaruwa kuma adadin gefunan yankewa yana ƙaruwa, wanda zai iya inganta rayuwar famfo yadda ya kamata; amma zai matse sararin cire guntun, wanda ba shi da kyau don cire guntun.
03 Kayan famfo da shafi
(1) Kayan famfon
1) Karfe na kayan aiki: Ana amfani da shi galibi don famfunan incisor na hannu, wanda ba a saba amfani da shi a yanzu ba.
2) Karfe mai saurin gudu wanda ba shi da sinadarin cobalt: A halin yanzu, ana amfani da shi sosai a matsayin kayan famfo, kamar M2 (W6Mo5Cr4V2, 6542), M3, da sauransu, kuma lambar alamar ita ce HSS.
3) Karfe mai saurin gudu mai ɗauke da cobalt: a halin yanzu ana amfani da shi sosai a matsayin kayan famfo, kamar M35, M42, da sauransu, lambar alamar ita ce HSS-E.
4) Ƙarfe mai sauri na foda: Ana amfani da shi azaman kayan famfo mai aiki sosai, aikin yana inganta sosai idan aka kwatanta da biyun da ke sama. Hanyoyin sanya suna na kowane masana'anta suma sun bambanta, kuma lambar alama ita ce HSS-E-PM.
5) Kayan carbide na siminti: yawanci suna amfani da barbashi masu kyau da kuma ingantattun matakan tauri, waɗanda galibi ake amfani da su don ƙera bututun sarewa madaidaiciya don sarrafa kayan guntu, kamar ƙarfe mai launin toka, aluminum mai ƙarfi, da sauransu.
Famfon sun dogara sosai da kayan aiki, kuma zaɓin kayan aiki masu kyau na iya ƙara inganta sigogin tsarin famfon, wanda hakan zai sa su dace da yanayin aiki mai inganci da tsauri, kuma a lokaci guda suna da tsawon rai mai girma. A halin yanzu, manyan masana'antun famfon suna da nasu masana'antun kayan aiki ko dabarun kayan aiki. A lokaci guda, saboda matsalolin albarkatun cobalt da farashi, sabbin ƙarfe masu saurin aiki marasa cobalt suma sun fito.
(2) Rufe famfo
1) Iskar gas mai tururi: Ana sanya famfon a cikin tururin ruwa mai zafi don samar da fim ɗin oxide a saman, wanda ke da kyakkyawan shaye-shaye ga mai sanyaya, yana iya rage gogayya, kuma yana hana a yanke famfon da kayan. Ya dace da injinan ƙarfe mai laushi.
2) Maganin Nitriding: Ana sanya saman famfo a nitride don samar da wani Layer mai tauri, wanda ya dace da injin ƙarfe, aluminum da sauran kayan da ke da matuƙar lalacewa ga kayan aiki.
3) Tururi + Nitriding: Haɗa fa'idodin waɗannan biyun da ke sama.
4) TiN: Rufin zinare mai launin rawaya, tare da taurin fuska da ƙamshi mai kyau, da kuma manne mai kyau na rufi, wanda ya dace da sarrafa yawancin kayan.
5) TiCN: rufin shuɗi-toka mai tauri kusan 3000HV da juriyar zafi na 400°C.
6) TiN+TiCN: shafi mai launin rawaya mai duhu, tare da taurin shafi mai kyau da kuma man shafawa, wanda ya dace da sarrafa yawancin kayan.
7) TiAlN: shafi mai launin shuɗi-toka, tauri 3300HV, juriyar zafi har zuwa 900°C, ana iya amfani da shi don injinan aiki mai sauri.
8) CrN: shafi mai launin azurfa-toka, kyakkyawan aikin shafawa, wanda aka fi amfani da shi wajen sarrafa karafa marasa ƙarfe.
Tasirin shafa famfon a kan aikin famfon a bayyane yake, amma a halin yanzu, yawancin masana'antun da masana'antun shafa suna haɗin gwiwa don nazarin shafa na musamman.
04 Abubuwan da ke Shafar Taɓawa
(1) Kayan aikin famfo
1) Kayan aikin injina: Ana iya raba shi zuwa hanyoyin sarrafa shi a tsaye da kuma a kwance. Don taɓawa, sarrafa shi a tsaye ya fi sarrafa shi a kwance. Lokacin da ake yin sanyaya shi a waje a cikin sarrafa shi a kwance, ya zama dole a yi la'akari da ko sanyaya shi ya isa.
2) Mai riƙe kayan aikin tapping: Ana ba da shawarar a yi amfani da mariƙin kayan aikin tapping na musamman don tapping. Kayan aikin injin ɗin yana da tauri kuma mai karko, kuma an fi son mai riƙe kayan aikin tapping mai daidaitawa. Akasin haka, ya kamata a yi amfani da mai riƙe kayan aikin tapping mai sassauƙa tare da diyya ta axial/radial gwargwadon iko. Banda ƙananan famfo masu diamita (
(2) Kayan Aiki
1) Kayan aiki da taurin kayan aikin: taurin kayan aikin yakamata ya zama iri ɗaya, kuma gabaɗaya ba a ba da shawarar amfani da famfo don sarrafa kayan aikin da suka wuce HRC42 ba.
2) Buɗe ramin ƙasa: tsarin ramin ƙasa, zaɓi ɓangaren haƙa ramin da ya dace; daidaiton girman ramin ƙasa; ingancin bangon ramin ƙasa.
(3) Sigogi na sarrafawa
1) Saurin juyawa: Tushen saurin juyawar da aka bayar shine nau'in famfo, kayan aiki, kayan da za a sarrafa da tauri, ingancin kayan aikin famfo, da sauransu.
Yawanci ana zaɓan su bisa ga sigogin da masana'antar famfo ke bayarwa, dole ne a rage saurin a ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan:
- rashin ƙarfin injin; babban bututun ruwa; rashin isasshen sanyaya;
- kayan da ba su daidaita ba ko tauri a yankin taɓawa, kamar gidajen haɗin solder;
- an tsawaita famfon, ko kuma an yi amfani da sandar tsawo;
- Recumbent plus, sanyaya waje;
- Aikin hannu, kamar haƙar benci, haƙar radial, da sauransu;
2) Ciyarwa: tapping mai tauri, ciyarwa = 1 zare firikwensin/juyin juya hali.
Idan akwai sassauƙan tapping da isassun ma'aunin diyya na shank:
Ciyarwa = (0.95-0.98) filaye/juyawa.
05 Nasihu don zaɓar maɓuɓɓugan ruwa
(1) Juriyar famfo na matakai daban-daban na daidaito
Tushen zaɓi: ba za a iya zaɓar daidaiton matakin famfo ba kuma a tantance shi kawai bisa ga daidaiton matakin zaren da ake ƙera shi.
1) Kayan aiki da taurin kayan aikin da za a sarrafa;
2) Kayan aikin famfo (kamar yanayin kayan aikin injina, masu riƙe kayan aiki, zoben sanyaya, da sauransu);
3) Daidaito da kuskuren ƙera famfon da kansa.
Misali, lokacin sarrafa zare 6H, lokacin sarrafa sassan ƙarfe, ana iya amfani da famfunan daidai na 6H; lokacin sarrafa ƙarfe mai launin toka, saboda diamita na tsakiya na famfunan yana lalacewa da sauri kuma faɗaɗa ramukan sukurori ƙanana ne, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da famfunan daidai na 6HX. Famfo, rayuwa za ta fi kyau.
Bayani kan daidaiton famfunan ruwan Japan:
1) Faifan yankewa na OSG yana amfani da tsarin daidaiton OH, wanda ya bambanta da ma'aunin ISO. Tsarin daidaiton OH yana tilasta faɗin dukkan ƙarfin haƙuri ya fara daga mafi ƙarancin iyaka, kuma ana amfani da kowane 0.02mm azaman matakin daidaito, mai suna OH1, OH2, OH3, da sauransu.
2) Famfon fitarwa na OSG yana amfani da tsarin daidaiton RH. Tsarin daidaiton RH yana tilasta faɗin dukkan ƙarfin haƙuri ya fara daga ƙasan iyaka, kuma ana amfani da kowane 0.0127mm azaman matakin daidaito, mai suna RH1, RH2, RH3, da sauransu.
Saboda haka, lokacin amfani da famfunan ISO masu daidaito don maye gurbin famfunan OH masu daidaito, ba za a iya la'akari da shi kawai cewa 6H kusan daidai yake da matakin OH3 ko OH4 ba. Ana buƙatar a tantance shi ta hanyar juyawa, ko kuma bisa ga ainihin yanayin abokin ciniki.
(2) Girman famfon
1) Wadanda aka fi amfani da su sune DIN, ANSI, ISO, JIS, da sauransu.
2) An ba shi damar zaɓar tsawon da ya dace, tsawon ruwan wukake da girman shank bisa ga buƙatun sarrafawa daban-daban na abokan ciniki ko yanayin da ake ciki;
3) Tsangwama yayin sarrafawa;
(3) Abubuwa 6 na asali don zaɓar famfo
1) Nau'in zaren sarrafawa, ma'auni, inci, Amurka, da sauransu.
2) Nau'in ramin ƙasa mai zare, ta cikin rami ko ramin makafi;
3) Kayan aiki da taurin kayan aikin da za a sarrafa;
4) Zurfin cikakken zaren kayan aikin da zurfin ramin ƙasan;
5) Daidaiton da ake buƙata na zaren aikin;
6) Tsarin siffar famfo
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuli-20-2022
