1. Khetha amapharamitha ejiyometri ethuluzi
Uma kucutshungulwa insimbi engagqwali, i-geometry yengxenye yokusika yethuluzi kufanele icatshangelwe ngokujwayelekile kusukela ekukhetheni i-angle ye-rake kanye ne-angle yangemuva. Uma ukhetha i-angle ye-rake, izici ezifana nephrofayili yombhobho, ukuba khona noma ukungabikho kwe-chamfering kanye ne-angle enhle nembi yokuthambekela kwe-blade kufanele kucatshangelwe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ithuluzi liyini, i-angle enkulu ye-rake kumele isetshenziswe lapho kucutshungulwa insimbi engagqwali. Ukwandisa i-angle ye-rake yethuluzi kunganciphisa ukumelana okuhlangatshezwana nakho ngesikhathi sokusika nokuhlanza ama-chip. Ukukhethwa kwe-angle ye-clearance akuqinile kakhulu, kodwa akufanele kube kuncane kakhulu. Uma i-angle ye-clearance incane kakhulu, izobangela ukungqubuzana okukhulu nobuso bomsebenzi, okwenza kube kubi kakhulu ukungqubuzana kobuso obufakwe umshini futhi kusheshiswe ukuguguleka kwamathuluzi. Futhi ngenxa yokungqubuzana okunamandla, umphumela wokuqina kobuso bensimbi engagqwali uyathuthukiswa; i-angle ye-clearance yamathuluzi akufanele ibe nkulu kakhulu, ibe nkulu kakhulu, ukuze i-angle ye-wedge yethuluzi incishiswe, amandla onqenqema lokusika ancishiswe, futhi ukuguguleka kwamathuluzi kusheshiswe. Ngokuvamile, i-angle yokusiza kufanele ibe nkulu ngokufanele kunalapho kucutshungulwa insimbi evamile yekhabhoni.
Ukukhetha i-engeli ye-rake Kusukela esicini sokusika ukukhiqiza ukushisa kanye nokushabalalisa ukushisa, ukwandisa i-engeli ye-rake kunganciphisa ukukhiqiza ukushisa kokusika, futhi izinga lokushisa lokusika ngeke libe phezulu kakhulu, kodwa uma i-engeli ye-rake inkulu kakhulu, ivolumu yokushabalalisa ukushisa kwesihloko sethuluzi izoncipha, futhi izinga lokushisa lokusika lizobe liphambene. Liphakeme. Ukunciphisa i-engeli ye-rake kungathuthukisa izimo zokushabalalisa ukushisa kwekhanda lokusika, futhi izinga lokushisa lokusika lingase lehle, kodwa uma i-engeli ye-rake incane kakhulu, ukuguquguquka kokusika kuzoba kubi kakhulu, futhi ukushisa okukhiqizwa ukusika ngeke kushabalale kalula. Umkhuba ubonisa ukuthi i-engeli ye-rake go=15°-20° iyona efaneleka kakhulu.
Uma ukhetha i-engeli yokuvula yomshini wokukhanda onzima, amandla okusika amathuluzi okusika anamandla ayadingeka ukuba abe phezulu, ngakho-ke i-engeli encane yokuvula kufanele ikhethwe; ngesikhathi sokuqeda, ukuguguleka kwamathuluzi kwenzeka kakhulu endaweni yokusika kanye nobuso be-flank. Insimbi engagqwali, into evame ukusebenza kanzima, inomthelela omkhulu kwikhwalithi yobuso kanye nokuguguleka kwamathuluzi okubangelwa ukungqubuzana kobuso be-flank. I-engeli yokukhulula efanele kufanele ibe: yensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic (ngaphansi kuka-185HB), i-engeli yokukhulula ingaba ngu-6°— —8°; yokucubungula insimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic (ngaphezu kuka-250HB), i-engeli yokuvula ingu-6°-8°; yensimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic (ngaphansi kuka-250HB), i-engeli yokuvula ingu-6°-10°.
Ukukhetha i-engeli yokuthambekela kwe-blade Usayizi kanye nesiqondiso se-engeli yokuthambekela kwe-blade kunquma indlela yokugeleza kwe-chip. Ukukhetha okunengqondo kwe-engeli yokuthambekela kwe-blade ngokuvamile kungu-10°-20°. Amathuluzi okuthambekela kwe-blade enkulu kufanele asetshenziswe lapho kuqedwa i-micro-circle yangaphandle, izimbobo ezijika kancane, kanye nezindiza zokuhlela kahle: kufanele kusetshenziswe i-ls45°-75°.
2. Ukukhethwa kwezinto zamathuluzi
Lapho kucutshungulwa insimbi engagqwali, isiphathi samathuluzi kumele sibe namandla anele kanye nokuqina ngenxa yamandla amakhulu okusika ukuze kugwenywe ukuxokozela kanye nokuguquguquka ngesikhathi senqubo yokusika. Lokhu kudinga ukukhethwa kwendawo enkulu efanelekile yesiphathi samathuluzi, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezinamandla aphezulu ukukhiqiza isiphathi samathuluzi, njengokusetshenziswa kwensimbi engu-45 ecinyiwe neqinisiwe noma insimbi engu-50.
Izidingo zengxenye yokusika yethuluzi Lapho kucutshungulwa insimbi engagqwali, izinto zengxenye yokusika yethuluzi ziyadingeka ukuze zibe nokumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu futhi zigcine ukusebenza kwayo kokusika kumazinga okushisa aphezulu. Izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu njengamanje yilezi: insimbi yesivinini esiphezulu kanye ne-carbide eqinisiwe. Ngenxa yokuthi insimbi yesivinini esiphezulu ingagcina ukusebenza kwayo kokusika ngaphansi kuka-600°C, ayifanele ukusika ngesivinini esiphezulu, kodwa ifanele kuphela ukucubungula insimbi engagqwali ngesivinini esiphansi. Ngenxa yokuthi i-carbide eqinisiwe inokumelana nokushisa okungcono kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka kunensimbi yesivinini esiphezulu, amathuluzi enziwe ngezinto ze-carbide eziqinisiwe afaneleka kakhulu ukusika insimbi engagqwali.
I-carbide efakwe usimende ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili: i-tungsten-cobalt alloy (YG) kanye ne-tungsten-cobalt-titanium alloy (YT). Ama-alloy e-tungsten-cobalt anokuqina okuhle. Amathuluzi enziwe angasebenzisa i-engeli enkulu ye-rake kanye nohlangothi olubukhali ukugaya. Ama-chip kulula ukuwashintsha ngesikhathi senqubo yokusika, futhi ukusika kuyashesha. Ama-chip akulula ukuwanamathela ethuluzini. Kulesi simo, kufaneleka kakhulu ukucubungula insimbi engagqwali nge-tungsten-cobalt alloy. Ikakhulukazi ekusetshenzisweni okuqinile kanye nokusika ngezikhathi ezithile ngokudlidliza okukhulu, kufanele kusetshenziswe ama-blade e-tungsten-cobalt alloy. Ayiqinile futhi ayiqhekeki njenge-tungsten-cobalt-titanium alloy, akulula ukuyilola, futhi kulula ukuyiqhekeza. I-alloy ye-tungsten-cobalt-titanium inobulukhuni obubomvu obungcono futhi imelana nokuguguleka kune-alloy ye-tungsten-cobalt ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa okuphezulu, kodwa iyaphuka kalula, ayimelani nokushaywa nokudlidliza, futhi ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njengethuluzi lokujika insimbi engagqwali.
Ukusebenza kokusika kwezinto zamathuluzi kuhlobene nokuqina nokukhiqiza kwethuluzi, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwezinto zamathuluzi kuthinta ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza nokucija ithuluzi ngokwalo. Kunconywa ukukhetha izinto zamathuluzi ezinobulukhuni obuphezulu, ukumelana okuhle kokunamathela kanye nokuqina, njenge-YG cemented carbide, kungcono ukungasebenzisi i-YT cemented carbide, ikakhulukazi lapho kucutshungulwa insimbi engagqwali ye-1Gr18Ni9Ti austenitic, kufanele ugweme ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa i-YT hard alloy Alloy, ngoba i-titanium (Ti) ensimbi engagqwali kanye ne-Ti e-YT-type cemented carbide kukhiqiza i-affinity, ama-chips angasusa kalula i-Ti ensimbini, okukhuthaza ukwanda kokuguguleka kwamathuluzi. Umkhuba wokukhiqiza ubonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zamathuluzi ze-YG532, YG813 kanye ne-YW2 zamabanga amathathu ukucubungula insimbi engagqwali kunomphumela omuhle wokucubungula.
3. Ukukhetha inani lokusika
Ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhiqizwa kwama-edge kanye nama-scale spurs akhiwe futhi kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yobuso, lapho kucutshungulwa ngamathuluzi e-carbide aqinisiwe, inani lokusika liphansi kancane kunelokujika izingcezu zokusebenza zensimbi yekhabhoni ejwayelekile, ikakhulukazi ijubane lokusika akufanele libe phezulu kakhulu, ijubane lokusika ngokuvamile linconywa i-Vc=60——80m/min, ukujula kokusika kungu-ap=4——7mm, kanti izinga lokuphakelayo lingu-f=0.15——0.6mm/r.
4. Izidingo zobukhali bomphezulu wengxenye yokusika yethuluzi
Ukuthuthukisa ukuqeda kobuso bengxenye yokusika yethuluzi kunganciphisa ukumelana lapho ama-chip egobile futhi kuthuthukise ukuqina kwethuluzi. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokucubungula insimbi yekhabhoni evamile, lapho kucubungula insimbi engagqwali, inani lokusika kufanele lincishiswe ngokufanele ukuze kwehliswe ukuguguleka kwamathuluzi; ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele kukhethwe ukupholisa okufanele kanye noketshezi lokugcoba ukuze kuncishiswe ukushisa kokusika kanye namandla okusika ngesikhathi senqubo yokusika, kanye nokwandisa impilo yenkonzo yethuluzi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-16-2021
