1. Khetha iiparameter zejometri zesixhobo
Xa kusetyenzwa intsimbi engagqwaliyo, ijiyometri yenxalenye yokusika yesixhobo kufuneka iqwalaselwe ngokubanzi ngokukhetha i-engile yeraki kunye ne-engile yangasemva. Xa kukhethwa i-engile yeraki, izinto ezifana neprofayili yeflute, ubukho okanye ukungabikho kwe-chamfering kunye ne-engile elungileyo nengalunganga ye-blade inclination kufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Nokuba sisiphi isixhobo, i-engile enkulu yeraki kufuneka isetyenziswe xa kusetyenzwa intsimbi engagqwaliyo. Ukwandisa i-engile yeraki yesixhobo kunokunciphisa ukumelana okufumanekayo ngexesha lokusika nokucoca iitship. Ukukhethwa kwe-engile yokuvula akungqongqo kakhulu, kodwa akufanele kube mncinci kakhulu. Ukuba i-engile yokuvula incinci kakhulu, iya kubangela ukungqubana okukhulu nomphezulu wesixhobo somsebenzi, nto leyo eyandisa uburhabaxa bomphezulu osetyenzisiweyo kwaye ikhawulezise ukuguguleka kwesixhobo. Kwaye ngenxa yokungqubana okunamandla, isiphumo sokuqina komphezulu wentsimbi engagqwaliyo siyaphucuka; i-engile yokuvula isixhobo akufuneki ibe nkulu kakhulu, inkulu kakhulu, ukuze i-engile ye-wedge yesixhobo inciphe, amandla omphetho wokusika anciphe, kwaye ukuguguleka kwesixhobo kukhawuleziswe. Ngokubanzi, i-engile yokukhulula kufuneka ibe nkulu ngokufanelekileyo kunaxa kusetyenzwa intsimbi eqhelekileyo yekhabhoni.
Ukukhetha i-engile yeraki Ukusuka kwicala lokusika ubushushu kunye nokusasazwa kobushushu, ukwandisa i-engile yeraki kunokunciphisa ukuveliswa kobushushu bokusika, kwaye ubushushu bokusika abuyi kuba phezulu kakhulu, kodwa ukuba i-engile yeraki inkulu kakhulu, umthamo wokusasazwa kobushushu kwincam yesixhobo uya kuncipha, kwaye ubushushu bokusika buya kuba ngokuchaseneyo. Iphakanyisiwe. Ukunciphisa i-engile yeraki kunokuphucula iimeko zokusasazwa kobushushu kwintloko yokusika, kwaye ubushushu bokusika bunokwehla, kodwa ukuba i-engile yeraki incinci kakhulu, ukuguquguquka kokusika kuya kuba nzima, kwaye ubushushu obuveliswa kukusika abuyi kutshatyalaliswa lula. Ukuziqhelanisa kubonisa ukuba i-engile yeraki go=15°-20° yeyona ifanelekileyo.
Xa kukhethwa i-engile yokuvula izixhobo zokusika ezirhabaxa, amandla okusika izixhobo ezinamandla zokusika kufuneka abe phezulu, ngoko ke i-engile encinci yokuvula kufuneka ikhethwe; ngexesha lokugqiba, ukuguguleka kwezixhobo kwenzeka ikakhulu kwindawo yokusika kunye nomphezulu wecala. Intsimbi engatyiwayo, into enokuqiniswa, inempembelelo enkulu kumgangatho womphezulu kunye nokuguguleka kwezixhobo okubangelwa kukungqubana komphezulu wecala. I-engile yokukhulula efanelekileyo kufuneka ibe: kwintsimbi engatyiwayo ye-austenitic (ngaphantsi kwe-185HB), i-engile yokukhulula inokuba yi-6°— —8°; ekucubunguleni intsimbi engatyiwayo ye-martensitic (ngaphezulu kwe-250HB), i-engile yokuvula yi-6°-8°; kwintsimbi engatyiwayo ye-martensitic (ngaphantsi kwe-250HB), i-engile yokuvula yi-6°-10°.
Ukukhetha i-engile yokuthambekela kweblade Ubungakanani kunye necala le-engile yokuthambekela kweblade kumisela icala lokuhamba kwe-chip. Ukukhetha okufanelekileyo kwe-engile yokuthambekela kweblade ls kudla ngokuba yi--10°-20°. Izixhobo zokuthambekela kweblade ezinkulu kufuneka zisetyenziswe xa kugqityezelwa isangqa sangaphandle, imingxunya yokujika ecolekileyo, kunye neenqwelomoya zokuplana ezicolekileyo: kufuneka kusetyenziswe i-ls45°-75°.
2. Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo zokusebenza
Xa kucutshungulwa intsimbi engagqwaliyo, isibambi sezixhobo kufuneka sibe namandla aneleyo kunye nokuqina ngenxa yamandla amakhulu okusika ukuze kuthintelwe ukuxokozela kunye nokuguquka ngexesha lenkqubo yokusika. Oku kufuna ukukhethwa kwendawo enkulu efanelekileyo yesibambi sezixhobo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezinamandla aphezulu ukwenza isibambi sezixhobo, njengokusetyenziswa kwentsimbi ecinyiweyo neqinisiweyo okanye intsimbi engama-50.
Iimfuneko zenxalenye yokusika yesixhobo Xa kucutshungulwa intsimbi engagqwaliyo, izinto ezisetyenziswa kwinxalenye yokusika yesixhobo kufuneka zibe nokumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu kwaye zigcine ukusebenza kwayo kokusika kubushushu obuphezulu. Izinto ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ngoku zezi: intsimbi ekhawulezayo kunye ne-carbide eqinisiweyo. Ngenxa yokuba intsimbi ekhawulezayo inokugcina ukusebenza kwayo kokusika ngaphantsi kwama-600°C, ayifanelekanga ukusika ngesantya esiphezulu, kodwa ifanelekile kuphela ukucubungula intsimbi engagqwaliyo ngesantya esiphantsi. Ngenxa yokuba i-carbide eqinisiweyo inokumelana nokushushu nokuguguleka okungcono kunentsimbi ekhawulezayo, izixhobo ezenziwe ngezinto ze-carbide eziqinisiweyo zifanelekile ngakumbi ukusika intsimbi engagqwaliyo.
I-carbide enesamente yahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini: i-tungsten-cobalt alloy (YG) kunye ne-tungsten-cobalt-titanium alloy (YT). Ii-alloy ze-tungsten-cobalt zinobunzima obuhle. Izixhobo ezenziweyo zingasebenzisa i-engile enkulu yerake kunye nomphetho obukhali ukugaywa. Ii-chips kulula ukuziguqula ngexesha lenkqubo yokusika, kwaye ukusika kukhawulezile. Ii-chips akulula ukuzincamathela kwisixhobo. Kwimeko enjalo, kufanelekile ngakumbi ukucubungula intsimbi engagqwaliyo nge-tungsten-cobalt alloy. Ingakumbi kwi-machining erhabaxa kunye nokusika okukhawulezileyo okunongcangcazelo olukhulu, kufuneka kusetyenziswe ii-blades ze-tungsten-cobalt alloy. Ayinzima kwaye ayiqhekeki njenge-tungsten-cobalt-titanium alloy, ayilula ukuyilola, kwaye kulula ukuyiqhekeza. I-alloy ye-Tungsten-cobalt-titanium inobulukhuni obubomvu obungcono kwaye ayigugi ngaphezu kwe-alloy ye-tungsten-cobalt phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphezulu, kodwa ibuthathaka ngakumbi, ayixhathisi kwimpembelelo nasekungcangcazeleni, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengesixhobo sokujika intsimbi engagqwaliyo.
Ukusebenza kokusika kwezinto zesixhobo kunxulumene nokuqina kunye nemveliso yesixhobo, kwaye ukwenziwa kwezinto zesixhobo kuchaphazela umgangatho wokwenziwa kunye nokulolwa kwesixhobo ngokwaso. Kucetyiswa ukuba ukhethe izixhobo zesixhobo ezinobunzima obuphezulu, ukumelana nokunamathela okuhle kunye nokuqina, njenge-YG cemented carbide, kungcono ungasebenzisi i-YT cemented carbide, ingakumbi xa kucutshungulwa i-1Gr18Ni9Ti austenitic stainless steel, kufuneka uphephe ngokupheleleyo ukusebenzisa i-YT hard alloy Alloy, kuba i-titanium (Ti) kwintsimbi engagqwali kunye ne-Ti kwi-YT-type cemented carbide zivelisa i-affinity, iitships zinokususa ngokulula i-Ti kwi-alloy, nto leyo ekhuthaza ukwanda kokuguguleka kwesixhobo. Umkhuba wokuvelisa ubonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-YG532, YG813 kunye ne-YW2 grades ezintathu zezinto ukucubungula intsimbi engagqwali kunesiphumo esihle sokucubungula.
3. Ukukhetha ubungakanani bokusika
Ukuze kuthintelwe ukuveliswa kwemiphetho eyakhelweyo kunye nee-spirals zesikali kunye nokuphucula umgangatho womphezulu, xa kusetyenzwa ngezixhobo ze-carbide ezifakwe isamente, ubungakanani bokusika buphantsi kancinci kunobo bokujika izinto zokusebenza zentsimbi yekhabhoni ngokubanzi, ingakumbi isantya sokusika akufuneki sibe phezulu kakhulu, isantya sokusika sicetyiswa ngokubanzi i-Vc=60——80m/min, ubunzulu bokusika yi-ap=4——7mm, kwaye izinga lokutya yi-f=0.15——0.6mm/r.
4. Iimfuno zoburhabaxa bomphezulu wenxalenye yokusika yesixhobo
Ukuphucula umphezulu wenxalenye yokusika yesixhobo kunokunciphisa ukumelana xa iitships zigobile kwaye kuphucule ukuqina kwesixhobo. Xa kuthelekiswa nokucubungula intsimbi yekhabhoni eqhelekileyo, xa kulungiswa intsimbi engagqwaliyo, ubungakanani bokusika kufuneka buncitshiswe ngokufanelekileyo ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuguguleka kwesixhobo; kwangaxeshanye, kufuneka kukhethwe ulwelo lokupholisa nolwelo lokuthambisa olufanelekileyo ukuze kuncitshiswe ubushushu bokusika kunye namandla okusika ngexesha lenkqubo yokusika, kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yesixhobo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-16-2021
