1. Hitamo ibipimo bya geometrike by'igikoresho
Mu gihe cyo gutunganya icyuma kitagira umugozi, imiterere y'igice cyo gukata cy'igikoresho muri rusange igomba kwitabwaho uhereye ku guhitamo inguni y'icyuma n'inguni y'inyuma. Mu gihe cyo guhitamo inguni y'icyuma kitagira umugozi, ibintu nk'imiterere y'icyuma, kuba hari cyangwa nta chamfering hamwe n'inguni nziza n'inyuma y'icyuma gifata icyuma. Uko igikoresho cyaba kiri kose, inguni nini y'icyuma kitagira umugozi igomba gukoreshwa mu gutunganya icyuma kitagira umugozi. Kongera inguni y'icyuma kitagira umugozi bishobora kugabanya imbaraga zibaho mu gihe cyo gukata no gukata ibyuma. Guhitamo inguni y'icyuma kitagira umugozi ntabwo ari ikomeye cyane, ariko ntibigomba kuba bito cyane. Niba inguni y'icyuma kitagira umugozi ari nto cyane, bizatera gukururana gukomeye ku buso bw'igikoresho, bikongera ubukana bw'ubuso bwakozweho kandi byihutishe kwangirika kw'igikoresho. Kandi bitewe no gukururana gukomeye, ingaruka zo gukomera k'ubuso bw'icyuma kitagira umugozi zirarushaho kwiyongera; inguni y'icyuma kitagira umugozi ntigomba kuba nini cyane, nini cyane, ku buryo inguni y'icyuma kigabanuka, imbaraga z'icyuma kigabanya umugozi, kandi kwangirika kw'igikoresho kwihuta. Muri rusange, inguni y'icyuma kitagira umugozi igomba kuba nini kurusha iyo itunganya icyuma gisanzwe cya karuboni.
Guhitamo inguni y'urukingo Mu bijyanye no gukata ubushyuhe no gutwika ubushyuhe, kongera inguni y'urukingo bishobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bwo gukata, kandi ubushyuhe bwo gukata ntibuzaba buri hejuru cyane, ariko niba inguni y'urukingo ari nini cyane, ingano y'ubushyuhe bw'umutwe w'igikoresho izagabanuka, kandi ubushyuhe bwo gukata buzaba butandukanye. Kuzamuka. Kugabanya inguni y'urukingo bishobora kunoza uburyo umutwe w'urukingo utwika ubushyuhe, kandi ubushyuhe bwo gukata bushobora kugabanuka, ariko niba inguni y'urukingo ari nto cyane, guhinduka k'urukingo kuzaba gukomeye, kandi ubushyuhe buturuka ku rukingo ntibushobora gukurwaho byoroshye. Imyitozo igaragaza ko inguni y'urukingo ijya = 15°-20° ari yo ikwiye cyane.
Mu guhitamo inguni yo gukata ikoreshwa mu gutunganya ibintu mu buryo bugoye, imbaraga zo gukata ibikoresho bikomeye zigomba kuba ndende, bityo inguni nto yo gukata igomba guhitamo; mu gihe cyo kurangiza, gukata ibikoresho bibaho cyane cyane mu gice cyo gukata no ku mpande. Icyuma kidashonga, ibikoresho bishobora gukomera, bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bwiza bw'ubuso n'ubusa bw'ibikoresho biterwa no gukururana kw'ubuso bw'impande. Inguni ikwiye yo gukata igomba kuba: ku cyuma kidashonga cya austenitic (munsi ya 185HB), inguni yo gukata ishobora kuba 6°— —8°; mu gutunganya icyuma kidashonga cya martensitic (hejuru ya 250HB), inguni yo gukata ni 6°-8°; ku cyuma kidashonga cya martensitic (munsi ya 250HB), inguni yo gukata ni 6°-10°.
Guhitamo inguni yo kuzenguruka kw'icyuma Ingano n'icyerekezo by'inguni yo kuzenguruka kw'icyuma bigena icyerekezo cy'inzira y'icyuma. Guhitamo neza inguni yo kuzenguruka kw'icyuma ubusanzwe ni -10°-20°. Ibikoresho byo kuzenguruka by'icyuma binini bigomba gukoreshwa mu kurangiza uruziga rw'inyuma, imyobo izunguruka neza, n'imirongo izunguruka neza: ls45°-75° bigomba gukoreshwa.
2. Guhitamo ibikoresho by'ibikoresho
Mu gutunganya ibyuma bitarangwamo ifu, igikoresho kigomba kuba gifite imbaraga zihagije n'ubudahangarwa bitewe n'imbaraga nyinshi zo gukata kugira ngo hirindwe guhindagurika no kwangirika mu gihe cyo gukata. Ibi bisaba guhitamo agace kanini gakwiye k'igikoresho, no gukoresha ibikoresho bikomeye cyane mu gukora igikoresho, nko gukoresha icyuma cyazimye kandi gishyushye cya 45 cyangwa icyuma cya 50.
Ibisabwa ku gice cyo gukata cy'igikoresho Mu gihe cyo gutunganya icyuma kidashonga, ibikoresho by'igice cyo gukata cy'igikoresho bigomba kugira ubushobozi bwo kwangirika cyane no kugumana ubushobozi bwo gukata ku bushyuhe bwinshi. Ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa ubu ni: icyuma cyihuta cyane na karubide ikozwe muri sima. Kubera ko icyuma cyihuta cyane gishobora kugumana ubushobozi bwo gukata kiri munsi ya dogere selisiyusi 600 gusa, ntabwo gikwiriye gukatwa cyane, ahubwo gikwiriye gusa gutunganya icyuma kidashonga ku muvuduko muto. Kubera ko karubide ikozwe muri sima ifite ubushobozi bwo kwangirika neza kurusha icyuma cyihuta cyane, ibikoresho bikozwe mu bikoresho bya karubide ikozwe muri sima birakwiriye cyane mu gukata icyuma kidashonga.
Karubide ikozwe muri sima igabanyijemo ibice bibiri: tungsten-cobalt alloy (YG) na tungsten-cobalt-titanium alloy (YT). Tungsten-cobalt alloys zifite ubukana bwiza. Ibikoresho byakozwe bishobora gukoresha inguni nini y'urukiramende n'inkombe ikarishye mu gusya. Uduce tworoshye guhinduranya mu gihe cyo gukata, kandi gukata ni kwihuta. Uduce two ntibyoroshye gufata ku gikoresho. Muri iki gihe, birakwiye cyane gutunganya icyuma kitagira umugese ukoresheje tungsten-cobalt alloy. Cyane cyane mu gutunganya no gukata buhoro buhoro hamwe no gucuragura gukomeye, hagomba gukoreshwa ibyuma bya tungsten-cobalt alloy. Ntabwo bikomeye kandi byoroshye nk'utwo tungsten-cobalt-titanium alloy, ntabwo byoroshye gutyaza, kandi byoroshye gukata. Aloyi ya Tungsten-cobalt-titanium ifite ubukana bwiza bw'umutuku kandi irinda kwangirika kurusha aloyi ya Tungsten-cobalt mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi, ariko irakomera cyane, ntirwanya impanuka cyangwa gutigita, kandi muri rusange ikoreshwa nk'igikoresho cyo guhindukiza icyuma kitagira umutuku.
Imikorere yo gukata ibikoresho by'igikoresho ifitanye isano no kuramba no gukora neza kw'igikoresho, kandi uburyo ibikoresho by'igikoresho bikorerwamo bigira ingaruka ku ikorwa no gutyaza ubwiza bw'igikoresho ubwacyo. Ni byiza guhitamo ibikoresho bifite ubukana bwinshi, birwanya gufata neza no gukomera, nka karubide ya YG sima, ni byiza kudakoresha karubide ya YT sima, cyane cyane iyo utunganya 1Gr18Ni9Ti austenitic stainless steel, ugomba kwirinda rwose gukoresha YT hard alloy Alloy, kuko titanium (Ti) mu cyuma kitagira umushongi na Ti muri karubide ya YT sima bitanga ubwiza, utuntu dushobora gukuraho Ti mu cyuma kitagira umushongi byoroshye, ibyo bigatuma ibikoresho byiyongera. Imyitozo yo gukora igaragaza ko ikoreshwa rya YG532, YG813 na YW2 mu gutunganya ibyuma bitagira umushongi bifite ingaruka nziza zo gutunganya.
3. Guhitamo ingano yo kugabanya
Mu rwego rwo gukumira ikorwa ry’inkombe n’ibice by’ubugari no kunoza ubwiza bw’ubuso, iyo utunganya ukoresheje ibikoresho bya karuboni bikozwe muri sima, ingano yo gukata iba iri hasi gato ugereranyije n’iyo gucuragura ibikoresho by’icyuma gisanzwe cya karuboni, cyane cyane umuvuduko wo gukata ntugomba kuba munini cyane, umuvuduko wo gukata muri rusange usabwa Vc=60——80m/min, uburebure bwo gukata ni ap=4——7mm, kandi igipimo cyo kugaburira ni f=0.15——0.6mm/r.
4. Ibisabwa ku buso bw'igice cyo gukata cy'igikoresho
Kunoza imiterere y'igice cyo gukata cy'igikoresho bishobora kugabanya imbaraga iyo uduce duto duto twizinze kandi bikongera uburambe bw'igikoresho. Ugereranyije no gutunganya icyuma gisanzwe cya karuboni, iyo utunganya icyuma kidashonga, ingano y'igikato igomba kugabanywa neza kugira ngo igabanye umuvuduko w'igikoresho cyo kwangirika; muri icyo gihe, hagomba gutoranywa amazi akwiye yo gukonjesha no gusiga kugira ngo agabanye ubushyuhe n'imbaraga zo gukata mu gihe cyo gukata, no kongera igihe cyo gukora cy'igikoresho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-16-2021
