1. Sankhani magawo a geometric a chida
Popanga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, mawonekedwe a gawo lodulira la chida ayenera kuganiziridwa posankha ngodya ya rake ndi ngodya yakumbuyo. Posankha ngodya ya rake, zinthu monga mbiri ya chitoliro, kukhalapo kapena kusakhalapo kwa chamfering ndi ngodya yabwino ndi yoyipa ya tsamba ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Mosasamala kanthu za chida, ngodya yayikulu ya rake iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Kuonjezera ngodya ya rake ya chida kungachepetse kukana komwe kumakumana nako pakudula ndi kuchotsa chip. Kusankha ngodya yochotsera sikokhwima kwambiri, koma sikuyenera kukhala kochepa kwambiri. Ngati ngodya yochotsera ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, ingayambitse kukangana kwakukulu ndi pamwamba pa workpiece, kukulitsa kukhwima kwa pamwamba pa makina ndikufulumizitsa kuwonongeka kwa chida. Ndipo chifukwa cha kukangana kwakukulu, mphamvu ya pamwamba pa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri imawonjezeka; ngodya yochotsera chida siyenera kukhala yayikulu kwambiri, yayikulu kwambiri, kotero kuti ngodya ya wedge ya chida imachepa, mphamvu ya m'mphepete yodulira imachepa, ndipo kuwonongeka kwa chida kumawonjezeka. Kawirikawiri, ngodya yochepetsera iyenera kukhala yayikulu moyenera kuposa pokonza chitsulo wamba cha kaboni.
Kusankha ngodya ya rake Kuchokera pakupanga kutentha ndi kuwononga kutentha, kuwonjezera ngodya ya rake kungachepetse kupanga kutentha kodula, ndipo kutentha kodula sikudzakhala kokwera kwambiri, koma ngati ngodya ya rake ndi yayikulu kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa nsonga ya chida kudzachepa, ndipo kutentha kodula kudzakhala kosiyana. Kukwezedwa. Kuchepetsa ngodya ya rake kungathandize kukonza momwe mutu wodula umatenthera, ndipo kutentha kodula kungachepe, koma ngati ngodya ya rake ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, kusintha kodula kudzakhala kwakukulu, ndipo kutentha komwe kumapangidwa ndi kudula sikudzatayika mosavuta. Machitidwe akuwonetsa kuti ngodya ya rake kupita = 15°-20° ndiyo yoyenera kwambiri.
Posankha ngodya yochotsera zinthu kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito molakwika, mphamvu yodulira ya zida zamphamvu zodulira imafunika kukhala yayitali, kotero ngodya yocheperako iyenera kusankhidwa; pomaliza, kuwonongeka kwa zida kumachitika makamaka m'dera lodulira ndi pamwamba pa mbali. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chomwe chimagwira ntchito molimbika, chimakhudza kwambiri ubwino wa pamwamba ndi kuwonongeka kwa zida chifukwa cha kukangana kwa pamwamba pa mbali. Ngodya yothandiza iyenera kukhala: pa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic (pansi pa 185HB), ngodya yochepetsera ikhoza kukhala 6°— —8°; pokonza chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha martensitic (pamwamba pa 250HB), ngodya yochepetsera ndi 6°-8°; pa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha martensitic (pansi pa 250HB), ngodya yochepetsera ndi 6°-10°.
Kusankha ngodya yopendekera ya tsamba Kukula ndi komwe ngodya yopendekera ya tsamba imayendera zimatsimikizira komwe chipu ikuyenda. Kusankha koyenera kwa ngodya yopendekera ya tsamba nthawi zambiri kumakhala -10°-20°. Zipangizo zopendekera za tsamba lalikulu ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pomaliza bwalo lakunja, mabowo ozungulira bwino, ndi mapulaneti ozungulira bwino: ls45°-75° ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
2. Kusankha zida zogwiritsira ntchito
Pokonza chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chogwirira ntchito chiyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira komanso kulimba chifukwa cha mphamvu yayikulu yodulira kuti chisasokonekere ndi kusinthasintha panthawi yodulira. Izi zimafuna kusankha malo okwanira odulira chida, ndikugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zolimba kwambiri popanga chogwirira ntchito, monga kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chozimitsidwa ndi chotenthetsera cha 45 kapena chitsulo cha 50.
Zofunikira pa gawo lodulira la chida Pokonza chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa gawo lodulira la chidacho zimafunika kuti zikhale zolimba kwambiri komanso kuti zisamawonongeke kwambiri kutentha kwambiri. Pakadali pano zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi izi: chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri ndi carbide yolimba. Chifukwa chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri chimatha kusunga kutentha kwake pansi pa 600°C, sichiyenera kudula mwachangu kwambiri, koma chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kokha pokonza chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri pa liwiro lotsika. Chifukwa carbide yolimba imakhala ndi kutentha bwino komanso kukana kuwonongeka kuposa chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri, zida zopangidwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi carbide yolimba ndizoyenera kwambiri kudula chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
Carbide yopangidwa ndi simenti imagawidwa m'magulu awiri: tungsten-cobalt alloy (YG) ndi tungsten-cobalt-titanium alloy (YT). Ma alloy a tungsten-cobalt ali ndi kulimba kwabwino. Zida zopangidwa zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito ngodya yayikulu ya rake ndi m'mphepete wakuthwa pogaya. Ma chips ndi osavuta kusokoneza panthawi yodula, ndipo kudula kumakhala kofulumira. Ma chips si osavuta kumamatira ku chida. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kukonza chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi tungsten-cobalt alloy. Makamaka pamakina okhwima komanso kudula kosalekeza komwe kumagwedezeka kwambiri, masamba a alloy a tungsten-cobalt ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Siwolimba komanso wosalimba ngati alloy a tungsten-cobalt-titanium, osavuta kunola, komanso osavuta kudula. Chotsulo cha Tungsten-cobalt-titanium chili ndi kuuma kofiira bwino ndipo chimatha kutha kuposa chotsulo cha Tungsten-cobalt pamene kutentha kuli kwakukulu, koma chimakhala chofooka kwambiri, sichimagwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka, ndipo nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida chosinthira zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.
Kudula kwa zida kumakhudzana ndi kulimba ndi kupanga bwino kwa chida, ndipo kupangika kwa zida kumakhudza kapangidwe kake ndi kukulitsa kwa chidacho. Ndikoyenera kusankha zida zolimba kwambiri, zolimba komanso zolimba, monga YG cemented carbide, ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito YT cemented carbide, makamaka pokonza 1Gr18Ni9Ti austenitic stainless steel, muyenera kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito YT hard alloy Alloy, chifukwa titanium (Ti) mu chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi Ti mu YT-type cemented carbide zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zogwirizana, tchipisi zimatha kuchotsa Ti mu alloy mosavuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zida zisawonongeke kwambiri. Machitidwe opanga akuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito YG532, YG813 ndi YW2 mitundu itatu ya zipangizo pokonza chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kumakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pakukonza.
3. Kusankha kuchuluka kodula
Pofuna kuletsa kupanga ma spurs okhala ndi m'mphepete ndi scale ndikukweza mawonekedwe a pamwamba, pokonza ndi zida za carbide zolimbikitsidwa, kuchuluka kwa kudula kumakhala kotsika pang'ono kuposa komwe kumapangidwa ndi zitsulo za kaboni, makamaka liwiro lodula siliyenera kukhala lalikulu kwambiri, liwiro lodula nthawi zambiri limalimbikitsidwa Vc=60——80m/min, kuya kodula ndi ap=4——7mm, ndipo kuchuluka kwa chakudya ndi f=0.15——0.6mm/r.
4. Zofunikira pa kukhwima kwa pamwamba pa gawo lodula la chida
Kukonza mawonekedwe a pamwamba pa gawo lodulira la chida kungachepetse kukana pamene tchipisi tapindika ndikuwonjezera kulimba kwa chida. Poyerekeza ndi kukonza chitsulo cha kaboni wamba, pokonza chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, kuchuluka kwa kudula kuyenera kuchepetsedwa moyenera kuti chida chichedwetse kuwonongeka kwake; nthawi yomweyo, kuziziritsa koyenera ndi madzi opaka mafuta kuyenera kusankhidwa kuti kuchepetse kutentha ndi mphamvu yodulira panthawi yodulira, ndikuwonjezera moyo wa ntchito ya chida.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-16-2021
