1. Tīpakohia ngā tawhā āhuahanga o te taputapu
I te wā e mahi ana i te kowiri tira, me whai whakaaro te āhua o te wāhanga tapahi o te taputapu mai i te whiriwhiri i te koki rake me te koki whakamuri. I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i te koki rake, me whai whakaaro ki ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te kōtaha o te putorino, te aroaro, te kore rānei o te chamfering me te koki pai me te kino o te piko o te mata. Ahakoa te taputapu, me whakamahi i te koki rake nui ake i te wā e mahi ana i te kowiri tira. Mā te whakanui ake i te koki rake o te taputapu ka taea te whakaiti i te ātete e pā ana ki te tapahi maramara me te whakakore. Kaua e tino pakari te whiriwhiri i te koki ātea, engari kaua e iti rawa. Ki te iti rawa te koki ātea, ka puta he waku nui ki te mata o te mea mahi, ka kino ake te taratara o te mata mīhini me te tere ake te kakahu o te taputapu. Ā, nā te kaha o te waku, ka whakanuia te pānga o te whakapakeketanga o te mata o te kowiri tira; kaua e nui rawa te koki ātea o te taputapu, kia iti ai te koki poro o te taputapu, kia iti ai te kaha o te mata tapahi, kia tere ake ai te kakahu o te taputapu. I te nuinga o te wā, me nui ake te koki whakawātea i te wā e tukatukahia ana te koki waro noa.
Te Kōwhiringa o te Koki Rakau Mai i te taha o te whakaputa wera tapahi me te whakamarara wera, mā te whakanui ake i te koki rakau ka taea te whakaiti i te whakaputa wera tapahi, ā, kāore e tino teitei te pāmahana tapahi, engari ki te nui rawa te koki rakau, ka heke te rahinga whakamarara wera o te pito taputapu, ā, ka rerekē te pāmahana tapahi. Teitei ake. Mā te whakaiti i te koki rakau ka taea te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga whakamarara wera o te pane tapahi, ā, ka heke pea te pāmahana tapahi, engari ki te iti rawa te koki rakau, ka nui te rerekētanga o te tapahi, ā, kāore e ngāwari te whakamarara i te wera i puta mai i te tapahi. E whakaatu ana te mahi ko te koki rakau e haere ana ki te = 15°-20° te mea tino tika.
I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i te koki āputa mō te mīhini taratara, me teitei te kaha o te mata tapahi o ngā taputapu tapahi kaha, nō reira me whiriwhiri he koki āputa iti ake; i te wā e whakaoti ana, ko te nuinga o te wā ka pakaru te taputapu i te rohe mata tapahi me te mata taha. Ko te maitai kore waikura, he rauemi e ngāwari ana ki te whakapakeke i te mahi, he nui ake te pānga ki te kounga o te mata me te pakaru o te taputapu i puta mai i te waku o te mata taha. Me whai koki whakawātea tika: mō te maitai kore waikura austenitic (i raro i te 185HB), ka taea te koki whakawātea ki te 6°— —8°; mō te tukatuka maitai kore waikura martensitic (i runga ake i te 250HB), ko te koki āputa he 6°-8°; mō te maitai kore waikura martensitic (i raro i te 250HB), ko te koki āputa he 6°-10°.
Te whiriwhiri i te koki piko o te mata Mā te rahi me te ahunga o te koki piko o te mata ka whakatau i te ahunga o te rere o te maramara. Ko te kōwhiringa tika o te koki piko o te mata ls ko te -10°-20°. Me whakamahi ngā taputapu piko o te mata nui ina whakaoti-iti ana i te porowhita o waho, ina huri-pai, ina huri-pai, ina whakamāhere-pai: ls45°-75° me whakamahi.
2. Te Kōwhiringa o ngā Rauemi Taputapu
I te tukatuka i te maitai kore waikura, me nui te kaha me te pakari o te pupuri taputapu nā te kaha tapahi nui kia kore ai e haruru me te rerekētanga i te wā tapahi. Me whiriwhiri he horahanga whakawhiti nui e tika ana mō te pupuri taputapu, me te whakamahi i ngā rauemi kaha ake hei hanga i te pupuri taputapu, pērā i te whakamahi i te maitai 45 kua tineihia, kua whakamaroketia rānei, te maitai 50 rānei.
Ngā Whakaritenga mō te Wāhanga Tapahi o te Taputapu I te tukatuka i te maitai kore waikura, me ātete te rauemi o te wāhanga tapahi o te taputapu ki te kakahu, me te pupuri i tana mahi tapahi i te pāmahana teitei ake. Ko ngā rauemi e whakamahia whānuitia ana i tēnei wā ko: te maitai tere-rahi me te karāhe sima. Nā te mea ka taea e te maitai tere-rahi te pupuri i tana mahi tapahi i raro i te 600°C, kāore e pai mō te tapahi tere-rahi, engari he pai anake mō te tukatuka i te maitai kore waikura i ngā tere iti. Nā te mea he pai ake te ātete wera me te ātete kakahu o te karāhe sima i te maitai tere-rahi, he pai ake ngā taputapu i hangaia mai i ngā rauemi karāhe sima mō te tapahi i te maitai kore waikura.
E rua ngā wāhanga o te karāhe sima: te koranu tungsten-cobalt (YG) me te koranu tungsten-cobalt-titanium (YT). He pakari te koranu tungsten-cobalt. Ka taea e ngā taputapu hanga te whakamahi i tētahi koki rake nui ake, me tētahi mata koi ake hei huri. He ngāwari te whakapēhanga o ngā maramara i te wā tapahi, ā, he tere te tapahi. Kāore e ngāwari te piri o ngā maramara ki te taputapu. I tēnei wā, he pai ake te tukatuka i te koranu tungsten-cobalt ki te koranu tungsten-cobalt. Ina koa i roto i te miihini taratara me te tapahi wā-poto me te wiri nui, me whakamahi ngā mata koranu tungsten-cobalt. Kāore i te pakeke, i te pakarukaru pērā i te koranu tungsten-cobalt-titanium, kāore i te ngāwari ki te whakakoi, ā, he ngāwari ki te pakarukaru. He pai ake te pakeke o te koranu tungsten-cobalt-titanium, ā, he ātete ake ki te kakahu i te koranu tungsten-cobalt i raro i ngā āhuatanga pāmahana teitei, engari he pakarukaru ake, kāore e ātete ki te pānga me te wiri, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei taputapu mō te huri pai o te koranu tungsten-cobalt.
Ko te mahi tapahi o te rauemi taputapu e pā ana ki te roa me te hua o te taputapu, ā, ko te āheinga hanga o te rauemi taputapu ka pā ki te kounga hanga me te whakakoi o te taputapu tonu. He mea tika kia whiriwhiria ngā rauemi taputapu he pakeke teitei, he ātete piri pai, he pakari hoki, pērā i te kāpira sima YG, he pai ake kia kaua e whakamahia te kāpira sima YT, inā koa i te tukatuka i te maitai kore waikura austenitic 1Gr18Ni9Ti, me karo rawa koe i te whakamahi i te koranu mārō YT, nā te mea ka puta he hononga i waenga i te titanium (Ti) i roto i te maitai kore waikura me te Ti i roto i te kāpira sima momo-YT, ka taea e ngā maramara te tango ngāwari i te Ti i roto i te koranu, ka whakatairanga i te pikinga o te kakahu o te taputapu. E whakaatu ana ngā mahi whakaputa he pai te pānga tukatuka o te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi e toru ngā momo YG532, YG813 me te YW2 hei tukatuka i te maitai kore waikura.
3. Te whiriwhiri i te rahinga tapahi
Hei pehi i te whakaputanga o ngā koiwi taha me ngā koiwi tauine kua hangaia, me te whakapai ake i te kounga o te mata, i te wā e tukatukahia ana me ngā taputapu carbide sima, he iti ake te nui o te tapahi i tērā o te huri i ngā wahi mahi maitai waro whānui, ina koa kaua e tere rawa te tapahi, ko te tere tapahi e taunakihia ana ko Vc=60——80m/min, ko te hohonutanga tapahi ko ap=4——7mm, ā, ko te tere whāngai ko f=0.15——0.6mm/r.
4. Ngā whakaritenga mō te taratara o te mata o te wāhanga tapahi o te taputapu
Mā te whakapai ake i te āhua o te mata o te wāhanga tapahi o te taputapu ka taea te whakaiti i te ātete ina piko ngā maramara, ā, ka pai ake te roa o te mahi a te taputapu. Ki te whakatauritea ki te tukatuka i te maitai waro noa, i te tukatuka i te maitai kore waikura, me whakaiti tika te nui o te tapahi kia puhoi ai te mau o te taputapu; i te wā kotahi, me whiriwhiri te wai whakamatao me te wai whakahinuhinu tika hei whakaiti i te wera tapahi me te kaha tapahi i te wā tapahi, me te whakaroa i te roa o te mahi a te taputapu.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 16-2021
