1. Zaɓi sigogin lissafi na kayan aikin
Lokacin da ake ƙera bakin ƙarfe, ya kamata a yi la'akari da yanayin ɓangaren yanke kayan aikin daga zaɓin kusurwar rake da kusurwar baya. Lokacin zaɓar kusurwar rake, ya kamata a yi la'akari da abubuwa kamar bayanin sarewa, kasancewar ko rashin chamfering da kusurwa mai kyau da mara kyau na karkacewar ruwan wukake. Ko da kuwa kayan aikin ne, dole ne a yi amfani da babban kusurwar rake lokacin ƙera bakin ƙarfe. Ƙara kusurwar rake na kayan aikin na iya rage juriyar da ake fuskanta yayin yankewa da share guntu. Zaɓin kusurwar sharewa ba ta da tsauri sosai, amma bai kamata ta yi ƙanƙanta ba. Idan kusurwar sharewa ta yi ƙanƙanta, zai haifar da gogayya mai tsanani da saman aikin, yana ƙara tauri da saman injin da kuma hanzarta lalacewa. Kuma saboda gogayya mai ƙarfi, tasirin taurarewar saman bakin ƙarfe yana ƙaruwa; kusurwar share kayan aiki bai kamata ta yi girma da yawa ba, ta yadda kusurwar sarƙa ta kayan aikin za ta ragu, ƙarfin gefen yankewa zai ragu, kuma gogayya ta yi sauri. Gabaɗaya, kusurwar sassauci ya kamata ta fi girma fiye da lokacin sarrafa ƙarfen carbon na yau da kullun.
Zaɓin kusurwar rake Daga ɓangaren samar da zafi da kuma watsar da zafi, ƙara kusurwar rake zai iya rage samar da zafi, kuma zafin yankewa ba zai yi yawa ba, amma idan kusurwar rake ta yi yawa, yawan watsar da zafi na ƙarshen kayan aiki zai ragu, kuma zafin yankewa zai kasance akasin haka. Ƙara. Rage kusurwar rake zai iya inganta yanayin watsar da zafi na kan yankewa, kuma zafin yankewa na iya raguwa, amma idan kusurwar rake ta yi ƙanƙanta, lalacewar yankewa zai yi tsanani, kuma zafin da yankewa ke haifarwa ba zai ɓace cikin sauƙi ba. Aiki ya nuna cewa kusurwar rake ta tafi=15°-20° ita ce mafi dacewa.
Lokacin zabar kusurwar sharewa don yin injina mai kauri, ana buƙatar ƙarfin gefen kayan aikin yankewa mai ƙarfi ya zama mai tsayi, don haka ya kamata a zaɓi ƙaramin kusurwar sharewa; yayin kammalawa, lalacewar kayan aikin galibi tana faruwa ne a yankin gefen yankewa da saman gefen. Bakin ƙarfe, kayan da ke da saurin taurarewa, yana da tasiri mafi girma akan ingancin saman da lalacewar kayan aiki wanda gogayya ta saman gefen ke haifarwa. Kusurwar sassauci mai dacewa yakamata ta kasance: ga bakin ƙarfe austenitic (ƙasa da 185HB), kusurwar sassauci zata iya zama 6°— —8°; don sarrafa bakin ƙarfe martensitic (sama da 250HB), kusurwar sharewa shine 6°-8°; don bakin ƙarfe martensitic (ƙasa da 250HB), kusurwar sharewa shine 6°-10°.
Zaɓin kusurwar karkata ruwa Girman da alkiblar kusurwar karkata ruwa yana ƙayyade alkiblar kwararar guntu. Zaɓin kusurwar karkata ruwa mai kyau yawanci shine -10°-20°. Ya kamata a yi amfani da kayan aikin karkata ruwa mai girma lokacin da ake kammala da'irar waje, ramukan karkata ruwa mai kyau, da kuma jiragen saman karkata ruwa mai kyau: ya kamata a yi amfani da ls45°-75°.
2. Zaɓin kayan aiki
Lokacin sarrafa bakin ƙarfe, mai riƙe kayan aikin dole ne ya sami isasshen ƙarfi da tauri saboda babban ƙarfin yankewa don guje wa yawo da nakasa yayin aikin yankewa. Wannan yana buƙatar zaɓar babban yanki mai faɗi na mai riƙe kayan aikin, da kuma amfani da kayan aiki masu ƙarfi don ƙera mai riƙe kayan aikin, kamar amfani da ƙarfe 45 ko ƙarfe 50 da aka kashe da aka hura.
Bukatun ɓangaren yanke kayan aikin Lokacin sarrafa bakin ƙarfe, ana buƙatar kayan ɓangaren yanke kayan aikin don samun juriya mai ƙarfi da kuma kiyaye aikin yankewa a mafi girman zafin jiki. Kayan da ake amfani da su a yanzu sune: ƙarfe mai sauri da kuma carbide mai siminti. Domin ƙarfe mai sauri zai iya kiyaye aikin yankewa kawai ƙasa da 600°C, bai dace da yankewa mai sauri ba, amma ya dace ne kawai don sarrafa bakin ƙarfe a ƙananan gudu. Saboda carbide mai siminti yana da juriya mai kyau ga zafi da lalacewa fiye da ƙarfe mai sauri, kayan aikin da aka yi da kayan carbide mai siminti sun fi dacewa don yanke bakin ƙarfe.
An raba simintin carbide zuwa rukuni biyu: tungsten-cobalt alloy (YG) da tungsten-cobalt-titanium alloy (YT). Garin tungsten-cobalt yana da ƙarfi mai kyau. Kayan aikin da aka yi za su iya amfani da babban kusurwar rake da kuma gefen da ya fi kaifi don niƙa. Garin yana da sauƙin lalacewa yayin aikin yankewa, kuma yankewa yana da sauri. Garin ba shi da sauƙin mannewa da kayan aikin. A wannan yanayin, ya fi dacewa a sarrafa bakin ƙarfe da ƙarfen tungsten-cobalt. Musamman a cikin injina masu ƙarfi da yankewa lokaci-lokaci tare da babban girgiza, ya kamata a yi amfani da ruwan wukake na tungsten-cobalt. Ba shi da tauri da karyewa kamar ƙarfen tungsten-cobalt-titanium, ba shi da sauƙin kaifafawa, kuma yana da sauƙin yankawa. An yi amfani da ƙarfe na Tungsten-cobalt-titanium wajen yin ja mai kyau kuma yana da juriya ga lalacewa fiye da ƙarfe na tungsten-cobalt a yanayin zafi mai yawa, amma yana da ƙarfi sosai, ba ya jure wa tasiri da girgiza, kuma galibi ana amfani da shi azaman kayan aiki don jujjuyawar bakin ƙarfe mai laushi.
Aikin yanke kayan aikin yana da alaƙa da dorewa da yawan aiki na kayan aikin, kuma iyawar kera kayan aikin yana shafar kera da ingancin kayan aikin da kansa. Yana da kyau a zaɓi kayan aiki masu ƙarfi, juriya mai kyau da tauri, kamar carbide mai siminti na YG, ya fi kyau kada a yi amfani da carbide mai siminti na YT, musamman lokacin sarrafa ƙarfe mai ƙarfi na 1Gr18Ni9Ti, yakamata ku guji amfani da Alloy mai tauri na YT, saboda titanium (Ti) a cikin bakin ƙarfe da Ti a cikin carbide mai siminti na YT yana haifar da alaƙa, kwakwalwan kwamfuta na iya cire Ti cikin sauƙi a cikin ƙarfe, wanda ke haɓaka haɓakar kayan aiki. Aikin samarwa ya nuna cewa amfani da kayan YG532, YG813 da YW2 maki uku don sarrafa ƙarfe mai bakin ƙarfe yana da kyakkyawan tasirin sarrafawa.
3. Zaɓin adadin yankan
Domin a danne samar da gefuna da sikelin da aka gina da kuma inganta ingancin saman, lokacin da ake sarrafawa da kayan aikin carbide mai siminti, adadin yankewa ya ɗan yi ƙasa da na juyawar kayan aikin ƙarfe na carbon gabaɗaya, musamman saurin yankewa bai kamata ya yi yawa ba, galibi ana ba da shawarar saurin yankewa Vc=60——80m/min, zurfin yankewa shine ap=4——7mm, kuma ƙimar ciyarwa shine f=0.15——0.6mm/r.
4. Bukatun da ake buƙata don ƙaiƙayin saman ɓangaren yanke kayan aikin
Inganta saman ɓangaren yanke kayan aikin zai iya rage juriya lokacin da aka naɗe guntu kuma ya inganta juriyar kayan aikin. Idan aka kwatanta da sarrafa ƙarfen carbon na yau da kullun, lokacin sarrafa bakin ƙarfe, ya kamata a rage yawan yankewa yadda ya kamata don rage lalacewa na kayan aiki; a lokaci guda, ya kamata a zaɓi ruwan sanyaya da mai mai dacewa don rage zafin yankewa da ƙarfin yankewa yayin aikin yankewa, da kuma tsawaita rayuwar kayan aikin.
Lokacin Saƙo: Nuwamba-16-2021
